Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj,100ml
It is used to treat low sodium levels. It is used to treat fluid loss.It is used to mix with a drug that is given as a shot.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Electrolyte, Plasma Volume Expander
Pharmacologic Class
Isotonic Crystalloid Solution
Pregnancy Category
Category A
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection, often called 'normal saline' or 'salt water,' is a sterile solution given through a vein (intravenously). It's used to replace lost body fluids and salts, to treat dehydration, or to dilute other medicines before they are given.
How to Use This Medicine
Taking Your Medication
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. It is essential to follow the dosage instructions carefully. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a specified period.
Storing and Disposing of Your Medication
If you need to store this medication at home, consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist for guidance on proper storage procedures.
Missing a Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately to determine the best course of action.
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. It is essential to follow the dosage instructions carefully. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a specified period.
Storing and Disposing of Your Medication
If you need to store this medication at home, consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist for guidance on proper storage procedures.
Missing a Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately to determine the best course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- No specific lifestyle changes are required due to this medication itself, but underlying conditions requiring its use may necessitate lifestyle modifications.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 1gm Tablets
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 20ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meqkcl
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% W/ 20meq Kcl
- Sodium Chloride 4meq/ml (23.4%) Inj
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Excel Inj 250ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 30x3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Soln, 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 5% Ophth Oint 3.5gm
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 200ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 25 X 5ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 50 X 15ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 2ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 20ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sod Chloride 4meq/ml Inj, 25x30ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Ophth Soln 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 150ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj,100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 25ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 125ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meq Kcl
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly individualized based on patient's fluid and electrolyte status, clinical condition, and indication. Typical rates for maintenance are 80-150 mL/hour. For acute volume expansion, 500-1000 mL may be infused rapidly (e.g., over 30-60 minutes).
Condition-Specific Dosing:
dehydration:
500-1000 mL IV bolus, repeated as needed based on clinical response and vital signs.
maintenanceFluid:
Typically 80-150 mL/hour IV infusion.
drugDiluent:
Variable, as per specific drug reconstitution and administration guidelines.
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Highly individualized based on body weight, surface area, fluid deficit, and ongoing losses. Maintenance fluid rates often calculated using Holliday-Segar formula (e.g., 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg, 20 mL/kg/day for subsequent kg). For acute volume expansion, 10-20 mL/kg IV bolus over 5-20 minutes, repeated as needed.
Infant:
Highly individualized based on body weight, surface area, fluid deficit, and ongoing losses. Maintenance fluid rates often calculated using Holliday-Segar formula. For acute volume expansion, 10-20 mL/kg IV bolus over 5-20 minutes, repeated as needed.
Child:
Highly individualized based on body weight, surface area, fluid deficit, and ongoing losses. Maintenance fluid rates often calculated using Holliday-Segar formula. For acute volume expansion, 10-20 mL/kg IV bolus over 5-20 minutes, repeated as needed.
Adolescent:
Highly individualized based on body weight, surface area, fluid deficit, and ongoing losses. Maintenance fluid rates often calculated using Holliday-Segar formula. For acute volume expansion, 10-20 mL/kg IV bolus over 5-20 minutes, repeated as needed.
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
No specific dose adjustment for the drug itself, but monitor closely for fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances.
Moderate:
No specific dose adjustment for the drug itself, but monitor closely for fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Use with caution.
Severe:
No specific dose adjustment for the drug itself, but monitor closely for fluid overload, hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia. Use with extreme caution or avoid if fluid retention is a concern.
Dialysis:
Use with caution, as fluid and electrolyte balance are tightly managed during dialysis. Administer post-dialysis or as directed by nephrologist.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
No specific dose adjustment.
Moderate:
No specific dose adjustment, but use with caution in patients with significant fluid retention (e.g., ascites, edema) due to risk of fluid overload.
Severe:
No specific dose adjustment, but use with caution in patients with significant fluid retention (e.g., ascites, edema) due to risk of fluid overload.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is an isotonic solution that provides water and electrolytes (sodium and chloride) in concentrations similar to those in the extracellular fluid. It expands the extracellular fluid compartment, including the intravascular and interstitial spaces, thereby restoring fluid volume and maintaining electrolyte balance. It does not provide calories or free water.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100%
Tmax:
Immediate (upon IV administration)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable (IV administration)
Distribution:
Vd:
Approximately 0.2 L/kg (distributes primarily to the extracellular fluid space)
ProteinBinding:
0%
CnssPenetration:
Limited (unless blood-brain barrier is compromised)
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Variable (depends on fluid status, renal function, and clinical need; typically minutes to hours)
Clearance:
Primarily renal clearance of sodium and chloride ions
ExcretionRoute:
Renal (urine)
Unchanged:
100% (ions are excreted, not metabolized)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Immediate
PeakEffect:
Immediate
DurationOfAction:
Variable, depends on patient's fluid status, renal function, and ongoing losses; typically minutes to hours as fluid equilibrates and is excreted.
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain, cramps, or spasms
+ Weakness
+ Shakiness
+ Change in balance
+ Abnormal heartbeat
+ Seizures
+ Loss of appetite
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Shortness of breath, significant weight gain, or swelling in the arms or legs
Severe dizziness or fainting
Fever or chills
Shakiness
Chest pain or pressure, or a rapid heartbeat
Flushing
Burning, stinging, or redness at the injection site
Pain and irritation at the injection site
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. However, many people do not experience any side effects or only have mild ones. If you have any side effects that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor for advice. Not all possible side effects are listed here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, discuss them with your doctor.
Reporting Side Effects
You can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch. Your doctor can also provide guidance on managing side effects and offer medical advice.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain, cramps, or spasms
+ Weakness
+ Shakiness
+ Change in balance
+ Abnormal heartbeat
+ Seizures
+ Loss of appetite
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Shortness of breath, significant weight gain, or swelling in the arms or legs
Severe dizziness or fainting
Fever or chills
Shakiness
Chest pain or pressure, or a rapid heartbeat
Flushing
Burning, stinging, or redness at the injection site
Pain and irritation at the injection site
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. However, many people do not experience any side effects or only have mild ones. If you have any side effects that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor for advice. Not all possible side effects are listed here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, discuss them with your doctor.
Reporting Side Effects
You can report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch. Your doctor can also provide guidance on managing side effects and offer medical advice.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Unusual swelling in your hands, feet, or ankles
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Rapid weight gain
- Headache or dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or feeling disoriented
- Muscle weakness or cramps
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
If you have elevated sodium levels or swelling, as these conditions may be relevant to your treatment.
This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, natural products, and vitamins, with your doctor and pharmacist. Additionally, share any health problems you are experiencing to ensure safe treatment.
To guarantee your safety, do not start, stop, or modify the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor. It is vital to verify that this medication can be taken safely with all your other medications and health conditions.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
If you have elevated sodium levels or swelling, as these conditions may be relevant to your treatment.
This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, natural products, and vitamins, with your doctor and pharmacist. Additionally, share any health problems you are experiencing to ensure safe treatment.
To guarantee your safety, do not start, stop, or modify the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor. It is vital to verify that this medication can be taken safely with all your other medications and health conditions.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. If you are following a low-salt or salt-free diet, consult with your doctor to discuss any potential interactions. Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor, to monitor your condition.
This medication may contain aluminum, which can increase the risk of aluminum toxicity with long-term use. This risk is particularly higher if you have kidney problems or if you are a premature infant. Be sure to discuss this potential risk with your doctor.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, it is crucial to consult with your doctor. You and your doctor will need to weigh the benefits and risks of taking this medication to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
This medication may contain aluminum, which can increase the risk of aluminum toxicity with long-term use. This risk is particularly higher if you have kidney problems or if you are a premature infant. Be sure to discuss this potential risk with your doctor.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, it is crucial to consult with your doctor. You and your doctor will need to weigh the benefits and risks of taking this medication to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Fluid overload (e.g., peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, hypertension, congestive heart failure)
- Hypernatremia (high sodium levels, symptoms include thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma)
- Hyperchloremia (high chloride levels, can lead to metabolic acidosis)
- Metabolic acidosis (due to high chloride load)
What to Do:
Discontinue the infusion immediately. Administer diuretics to promote fluid and electrolyte excretion. Correct any severe electrolyte imbalances. Provide supportive care. In severe cases, dialysis may be considered. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control) for further guidance if accidental overdose occurs outside of a medical setting.
Drug Interactions
Major Interactions
- Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone, Dexamethasone): May increase sodium and fluid retention, leading to edema and hypertension.
- Lithium: Large volumes of sodium chloride can increase renal excretion of lithium, potentially decreasing lithium levels and efficacy.
Moderate Interactions
- Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide): Concurrent use may alter fluid and electrolyte balance; monitor closely.
- Drugs that cause sodium retention (e.g., NSAIDs): May exacerbate fluid retention when co-administered with large volumes of normal saline.
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Sodium, Chloride, Potassium)
Rationale: To establish baseline electrolyte status and identify pre-existing imbalances.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to excrete fluid and electrolytes.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Fluid Status (Vital Signs, Weight, Physical Exam for Edema)
Rationale: To assess baseline hydration status and risk of fluid overload.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Routine Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Sodium, Chloride, Potassium)
Frequency: Daily or more frequently as clinically indicated (e.g., every 4-6 hours in critical care)
Target: Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L; Chloride: 98-107 mEq/L; Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Action Threshold: Significant deviations from normal range or rapid changes (e.g., Na <130 or >150 mEq/L, Cl >110 mEq/L)
Fluid Balance (Intake and Output)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or continuously
Target: Balanced or appropriate for clinical goal (e.g., positive balance for rehydration, negative for diuresis)
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative balance inconsistent with clinical goals, or rapid weight changes.
Vital Signs (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate)
Frequency: Every 1-4 hours or as clinically indicated
Target: Within patient's normal range, stable
Action Threshold: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, or signs of fluid overload (e.g., elevated BP, crackles)
Physical Exam (Edema, Lung Sounds, Jugular Venous Distention)
Frequency: Daily or more frequently as clinically indicated
Target: Absence of new or worsening edema, clear lung sounds
Action Threshold: Development of new peripheral or pulmonary edema, worsening crackles, increased JVD
Symptom Monitoring
- Swelling (especially in ankles, feet, hands)
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Rapid weight gain
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Increased blood pressure
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is considered safe for use during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category A). It is commonly used for fluid replacement and as a vehicle for other medications.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
No known risks.
Second Trimester:
No known risks.
Third Trimester:
No known risks, but monitor for fluid overload, especially in pre-eclampsia.
Lactation
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is considered safe for use during lactation (Lactation Risk L1). Sodium and chloride are natural components of breast milk, and administration of isotonic saline is not expected to harm the infant.
Infant Risk:
Minimal to no risk to the breastfed infant.
Pediatric Use
Generally safe for use in pediatric patients. However, careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial due to their higher susceptibility to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances compared to adults. Dosing must be precisely calculated based on weight and clinical need.
Geriatric Use
Use with caution in elderly patients, who may have age-related decreases in renal function, cardiac reserve, and increased risk of fluid overload, congestive heart failure, and electrolyte imbalances. Close monitoring of fluid status, vital signs, and electrolytes is essential.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% is the most commonly used intravenous fluid for volume expansion and rehydration due to its isotonicity.
- It is the preferred diluent for many intravenous medications.
- Large volumes of 0.9% Sodium Chloride can lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to its higher chloride content compared to plasma.
- Not suitable for patients with free water deficits (e.g., hypernatremia) as it does not provide free water.
- Always assess patient's fluid status, renal function, and electrolyte levels before and during administration to prevent complications like fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.
Alternative Therapies
- Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W) - for free water deficit, not volume expansion
- Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Sodium Chloride (D5 1/2 NS) - for maintenance fluids
- Colloid solutions (e.g., Albumin, Hydroxyethyl Starch) - for more rapid and sustained intravascular volume expansion, though with different risk profiles.
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
$1 - $5 per 100mL bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Generally covered by most insurance plans as a medical supply or part of hospital/clinic charges.
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to contact your doctor for further evaluation and guidance.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take someone else's medication. Store all medications in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or the medication's instructions. If you are unsure about the best method for disposing of your medication, consult with your pharmacist, who can provide guidance on safe disposal practices. Additionally, you may want to inquire about potential drug take-back programs in your area, which can offer a convenient and environmentally friendly way to dispose of unused medications.
Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, so it is a good idea to check with your pharmacist to see if this is the case. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, do not hesitate to reach out to your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider, who can provide you with personalized guidance and support.
In the event of a suspected overdose, it is critical to seek immediate medical attention. Call your local poison control center or visit the emergency room right away. When seeking help, be prepared to provide as much information as possible about the overdose, including the name of the medication, the amount taken, and the time it was taken, to ensure you receive the most effective treatment.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take someone else's medication. Store all medications in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or the medication's instructions. If you are unsure about the best method for disposing of your medication, consult with your pharmacist, who can provide guidance on safe disposal practices. Additionally, you may want to inquire about potential drug take-back programs in your area, which can offer a convenient and environmentally friendly way to dispose of unused medications.
Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, so it is a good idea to check with your pharmacist to see if this is the case. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, do not hesitate to reach out to your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider, who can provide you with personalized guidance and support.
In the event of a suspected overdose, it is critical to seek immediate medical attention. Call your local poison control center or visit the emergency room right away. When seeking help, be prepared to provide as much information as possible about the overdose, including the name of the medication, the amount taken, and the time it was taken, to ensure you receive the most effective treatment.