Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
It is used to give fluids to the body when more fluids and electrolytes are needed.It is used as a way to give other drugs as a shot.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Fluid and electrolyte replacement, plasma volume expander
Pharmacologic Class
Isotonic crystalloid solution
Pregnancy Category
Category C
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
This medication is a sterile salt water solution given through a vein (intravenously). It's used to replace fluids and salts your body needs, especially if you're dehydrated, have lost blood, or need other medications diluted.
How to Use This Medicine
Proper Use of This Medication
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the solution if it appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and other sharp objects, use a needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the solution if it appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and other sharp objects, use a needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- Report any swelling, difficulty breathing, or changes in how you feel during or after the infusion.
- Maintain good oral hygiene if you are on fluid restrictions or have a dry mouth.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 1gm Tablets
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 20ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meqkcl
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% W/ 20meq Kcl
- Sodium Chloride 4meq/ml (23.4%) Inj
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Excel Inj 250ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 30x3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Soln, 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 5% Ophth Oint 3.5gm
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 200ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 25 X 5ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 50 X 15ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 2ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 20ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sod Chloride 4meq/ml Inj, 25x30ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Ophth Soln 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 150ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj,100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 25ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 125ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meq Kcl
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly variable, dependent on clinical need (e.g., hydration, drug dilution, volume expansion)
Dose Range:
50 - 3000 mg
Condition-Specific Dosing:
hydration:
500-1000 mL bolus, then 100-250 mL/hr
drug_dilution:
Variable, typically 50-250 mL per dose
volume_expansion:
500-1000 mL bolus, repeated as needed
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
10-20 mL/kg bolus, then 2-4 mL/kg/hr for maintenance, adjusted based on clinical status and electrolyte balance
Infant:
10-20 mL/kg bolus, then 2-4 mL/kg/hr for maintenance, adjusted based on clinical status and electrolyte balance
Child:
10-20 mL/kg bolus, then 2-4 mL/kg/hr for maintenance, adjusted based on clinical status and electrolyte balance
Adolescent:
Similar to adult dosing, adjusted based on weight and clinical need
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance and electrolytes closely.
Moderate:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance and electrolytes closely; consider reduced rates to avoid fluid overload.
Severe:
Use with extreme caution; often contraindicated or used in very small volumes due to risk of fluid overload and hypernatremia. Close monitoring essential.
Dialysis:
May be used for volume replacement during dialysis or for drug dilution, but overall fluid balance must be carefully managed by the dialysis team.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor for fluid retention.
Moderate:
Use with caution; monitor for fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hyponatremia due to dilutional effects).
Severe:
Use with caution; increased risk of fluid overload, ascites, and peripheral edema. Close monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes is crucial.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is an isotonic solution that provides water and electrolytes (sodium and chloride) for hydration. It expands the extracellular fluid compartment, including the interstitial and intravascular spaces. Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a major role in fluid and electrolyte balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Chloride is the major extracellular anion and is involved in maintaining acid-base balance.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100% (intravenous administration)
Tmax:
Immediate (upon completion of infusion)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable (IV administration)
Distribution:
Vd:
Approximately 0.2 L/kg (distributes throughout the extracellular fluid space)
ProteinBinding:
Not applicable (ions)
CnssPenetration:
Limited (does not readily cross intact blood-brain barrier, but can affect CNS fluid balance)
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Not applicable (ions are continuously exchanged and regulated)
Clearance:
Primarily renal excretion, regulated by kidneys to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
ExcretionRoute:
Renal (urine)
Unchanged:
Not applicable (ions)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Immediate
PeakEffect:
Immediate (upon completion of infusion)
DurationOfAction:
Transient; depends on patient's hydration status, renal function, and ongoing fluid losses. Typically minutes to hours as fluid redistributes and is excreted.
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Attention Immediately
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical help right away:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or changes in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects not mentioned here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical help right away:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or changes in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects not mentioned here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Swelling in your hands, feet, or ankles
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Rapid weight gain
- Headache or dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Muscle cramps or weakness
- Confusion or unusual drowsiness
- Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that this medication can be taken with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that this medication can be taken with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor. Be sure to follow their instructions and discuss any concerns or questions you may have.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution, as the risk of side effects may be increased in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of this medication for both you and your baby, ensuring you make an informed decision.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor. Be sure to follow their instructions and discuss any concerns or questions you may have.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution, as the risk of side effects may be increased in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of this medication for both you and your baby, ensuring you make an informed decision.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Fluid overload (hypervolemia): peripheral and pulmonary edema, hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea, jugular venous distension.
- Hypernatremia: thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma.
- Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (with large volumes): tachypnea, confusion.
What to Do:
Discontinue infusion immediately. Administer diuretics to promote fluid and electrolyte excretion. Correct severe electrolyte imbalances. Provide supportive care. In severe cases, dialysis may be considered. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control) for specific guidance.
Drug Interactions
Major Interactions
- Drugs causing sodium retention (e.g., corticosteroids, NSAIDs): May increase risk of hypernatremia and fluid overload.
- Lithium: Increased sodium intake can increase renal excretion of lithium, potentially decreasing lithium levels.
Moderate Interactions
- Diuretics (especially loop diuretics): Can alter electrolyte balance; careful monitoring required to avoid hypo- or hypernatremia.
- Drugs that increase ADH secretion (e.g., carbamazepine, tricyclic antidepressants): May increase risk of hyponatremia if large volumes of hypotonic fluids are administered (though 0.9% NaCl is isotonic, excessive administration can still lead to issues).
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
Rationale: To establish baseline electrolyte status and identify pre-existing imbalances.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to excrete excess fluid and electrolytes.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Fluid Status (Weight, Vital Signs, Edema assessment)
Rationale: To assess baseline hydration status and risk of fluid overload.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Routine Monitoring
Fluid Intake and Output (I&O)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or continuously
Target: Balanced I&O or as clinically indicated
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative fluid balance, indicating need for adjustment
Vital Signs (BP, HR, RR)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or as clinically indicated
Target: Within patient's normal range
Action Threshold: Significant changes (e.g., hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea) indicating fluid overload or other complications
Serum Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
Frequency: Daily or as clinically indicated (e.g., every 6-12 hours in critical care)
Target: Na: 135-145 mEq/L, K: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L, Cl: 98-106 mEq/L
Action Threshold: Values outside normal range, especially hypernatremia or significant shifts
Body Weight
Frequency: Daily
Target: Stable or as desired
Action Threshold: Rapid weight gain (>1-2 kg/day) indicating fluid retention
Clinical Signs of Fluid Overload (Edema, Dyspnea, Crackles)
Frequency: Ongoing assessment
Target: Absence of signs
Action Threshold: Presence or worsening of signs
Symptom Monitoring
- Peripheral edema (swelling in extremities)
- Pulmonary edema (shortness of breath, crackles in lungs, cough)
- Headache
- Nausea/vomiting
- Lethargy
- Confusion
- Muscle weakness or cramps (signs of electrolyte imbalance)
- Increased blood pressure
- Tachycardia
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is commonly used in pregnancy for hydration, labor induction, and management of various conditions. It is generally considered safe when administered appropriately and fluid/electrolyte balance is monitored. Category C due to potential for fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance if not carefully managed.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
Generally safe; no known specific risks.
Second Trimester:
Generally safe; no known specific risks.
Third Trimester:
Generally safe; monitor for fluid overload, especially in pre-eclampsia or other conditions with fluid retention.
Lactation
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is considered safe for use during lactation. Sodium and chloride are natural components of breast milk, and administration of this solution is not expected to harm the breastfed infant or affect milk supply.
Infant Risk:
L1 (Safest - no known risk to infant)
Pediatric Use
Use with caution and careful monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes. Pediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, have immature renal function and are more susceptible to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypernatremia, hyponatremia). Dosing is typically weight-based (mL/kg).
Geriatric Use
Use with caution. Elderly patients may have age-related decreases in renal function, cardiac reserve, and thirst perception, making them more susceptible to fluid overload, hypernatremia, and other electrolyte disturbances. Close monitoring of fluid status, electrolytes, and renal function is essential. Lower infusion rates may be necessary.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- 0.9% Sodium Chloride is also known as 'Normal Saline' (NS) or 'Physiological Saline'.
- It is the most commonly used intravenous fluid for hydration, drug dilution, and volume expansion.
- While isotonic, rapid or excessive administration can lead to fluid overload (hypervolemia) and hypernatremia.
- Can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with very large volumes due to its high chloride content.
- Not suitable for patients with severe heart failure, renal failure, or conditions requiring free water (e.g., severe hypernatremia).
- Always inspect the solution for particulate matter and discoloration before administration.
Alternative Therapies
- Oral rehydration solutions (for mild to moderate dehydration)
- Blood products (for significant blood loss)
- Colloids (e.g., albumin, for specific volume expansion needs)
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
$1 - $5 per 100 mL bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Generally covered by most insurance plans as a standard medical supply/treatment.
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to consult your doctor for further evaluation and guidance.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take someone else's medication. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by your pharmacist or healthcare provider. If you are unsure about the best method for disposing of medications, consult your pharmacist, who can provide guidance on safe disposal practices and inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area.
Some medications may have additional patient information leaflets available. Your pharmacist can provide you with more information and answer any questions you may have about your medication. If you have concerns or questions about your medication, it is recommended that you discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken, as this will aid in providing appropriate treatment.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take someone else's medication. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by your pharmacist or healthcare provider. If you are unsure about the best method for disposing of medications, consult your pharmacist, who can provide guidance on safe disposal practices and inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area.
Some medications may have additional patient information leaflets available. Your pharmacist can provide you with more information and answer any questions you may have about your medication. If you have concerns or questions about your medication, it is recommended that you discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken, as this will aid in providing appropriate treatment.