Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
It is used to give fluids to the body when more fluids and electrolytes are needed.It is used as a way to give other drugs as a shot.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Electrolyte and Fluid Replacement
Pharmacologic Class
Isotonic Crystalloid Solution
Pregnancy Category
Not assigned (under current PLLR); historically considered Category C by some sources, but generally considered safe when indicated due to physiological nature.
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection, also known as normal saline, is a sterile salt water solution given through a vein (intravenously). It's used to replace fluids and salts in your body, especially if you're dehydrated, or as a way to give you other medications.
How to Use This Medicine
Proper Use of This Medication
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and other sharp objects, use a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and other sharp objects, use a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- Report any swelling, difficulty breathing, or changes in urination to your healthcare provider.
- Maintain good oral hygiene if you are on fluid restrictions or have a dry mouth.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 1gm Tablets
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 20ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meqkcl
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% W/ 20meq Kcl
- Sodium Chloride 4meq/ml (23.4%) Inj
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Excel Inj 250ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 30x3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 500ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Soln, 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 5ml
- Sodium Chloride 5% Ophth Oint 3.5gm
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 10ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 23.4% Inj, 200ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 25 X 5ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 100 X 3ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Neb Sol 50 X 15ml
- Sodium Chloride 10% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj, 2ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 20ml
- Sodium Chloride 2.5meq/ml Inj, 40ml
- Sod Chloride 4meq/ml Inj, 25x30ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Ophth Soln 15ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 7% Neb Sol 30x4ml
- Sodium Chloride 3% Neb Sol 60x4ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 150ml
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% Inj,100ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 25ml
- Sod Chloride 0.9% Inj, 125ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 250ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 50ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45% Inj, 100ml
- Sod Chloride 5% Inj, 500ml
- Sod Chloride 0.45%/20meq Kcl
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly individualized based on patient's fluid and electrolyte status, clinical indication, and concomitant medications.
Condition-Specific Dosing:
dehydration:
Typically 500 mL to 3 L per 24 hours, adjusted to patient response.
vehicle_for_drugs:
As required by the drug being diluted, typically 50 mL to 250 mL per dose.
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Highly individualized based on weight, gestational age, and clinical need (e.g., 10-20 mL/kg bolus for hypovolemia, then maintenance fluids).
Infant:
Highly individualized based on weight and clinical need (e.g., 10-20 mL/kg bolus for hypovolemia, then maintenance fluids).
Child:
Highly individualized based on weight and clinical need (e.g., 10-20 mL/kg bolus for hypovolemia, then maintenance fluids).
Adolescent:
Highly individualized based on weight and clinical need, often similar to adult dosing for maintenance or bolus.
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance and electrolytes closely to avoid fluid overload.
Moderate:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance and electrolytes closely to avoid fluid overload. Reduced rates may be necessary.
Severe:
Use with extreme caution; monitor fluid balance and electrolytes closely to avoid fluid overload and hypernatremia. Often requires significant rate reduction or alternative solutions.
Dialysis:
Use with caution; fluid and electrolyte management is critical in dialysis patients. Dosing should be guided by dialysis schedule and interdialytic weight gain.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance to avoid fluid overload, especially in patients with ascites or edema.
Moderate:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance to avoid fluid overload, especially in patients with ascites or edema.
Severe:
Use with caution; monitor fluid balance to avoid fluid overload, especially in patients with ascites or edema. May require significant rate reduction.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Sodium Chloride 0.9% Injection is an isotonic solution that provides water and electrolytes (sodium and chloride) in concentrations approximating those of the extracellular fluid. It helps to restore and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, expand the extracellular fluid volume, and serve as a vehicle for the intravenous administration of other compatible medications.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100% (administered intravenously)
Tmax:
Not applicable (immediate distribution)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable
Distribution:
Vd:
Approximately 0.2 L/kg (primarily extracellular fluid volume)
ProteinBinding:
Negligible (for sodium and chloride ions)
CnssPenetration:
Limited (ions do not readily cross intact blood-brain barrier, but water movement can occur)
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Dynamic; depends on renal function and fluid balance (excess water and electrolytes are rapidly excreted by the kidneys)
Clearance:
Dynamic; depends on renal function and fluid balance
ExcretionRoute:
Renal (primarily)
Unchanged:
Not applicable (ions are maintained homeostatically)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Immediate (upon intravenous administration)
PeakEffect:
Immediate (fluid volume expansion)
DurationOfAction:
Variable; depends on patient's hydration status, renal function, and ongoing fluid losses/intake.
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Swelling in your ankles, feet, or hands
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Rapid weight gain
- Headache or dizziness
- Confusion or unusual drowsiness
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances you are taking.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that it is safe to take this medication with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances you are taking.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that it is safe to take this medication with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that have potassium in them.
For medications containing dextrose, if you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests are crucial while taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions regarding the frequency and timing of these tests, and discuss the results with your doctor.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution due to a potentially higher risk of side effects in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. It is crucial to discuss the benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby to make an informed decision.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that have potassium in them.
For medications containing dextrose, if you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests are crucial while taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions regarding the frequency and timing of these tests, and discuss the results with your doctor.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution due to a potentially higher risk of side effects in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. It is crucial to discuss the benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby to make an informed decision.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Fluid overload (e.g., pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, hypertension)
- Hypernatremia (e.g., thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma)
- Hyperchloremia (e.g., metabolic acidosis)
What to Do:
Discontinue infusion immediately. Administer diuretics to promote fluid and electrolyte excretion. Provide supportive care, including respiratory support if pulmonary edema is severe. Correct electrolyte imbalances. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control) for further guidance if accidental ingestion or severe symptoms occur.
Drug Interactions
Major Interactions
- Drugs that cause sodium retention (e.g., corticosteroids, NSAIDs): May increase risk of hypernatremia and fluid overload.
- Lithium: Increased sodium intake can increase renal excretion of lithium, potentially decreasing lithium levels and efficacy.
Moderate Interactions
- Diuretics (especially loop diuretics): While often used together to manage fluid balance, excessive administration of normal saline with diuretics can lead to electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypochloremic alkalosis) if not carefully monitored.
- Drugs that alter fluid and electrolyte balance: Any drug affecting renal function or electrolyte homeostasis should be used with caution.
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
Rationale: To establish baseline fluid and electrolyte status and identify pre-existing imbalances.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to excrete excess fluid and electrolytes.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
Fluid Status (Vital Signs, Edema, Lung Sounds)
Rationale: To assess hydration status and risk of fluid overload.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
Routine Monitoring
Fluid Intake and Output (I&O)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or as clinically indicated
Target: Balanced or appropriate for clinical goal
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative balance; signs of fluid overload or dehydration.
Vital Signs (BP, HR, RR)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or as clinically indicated
Target: Within normal limits for patient
Action Threshold: Significant changes indicating fluid overload (e.g., elevated BP, crackles) or dehydration (e.g., orthostasis, tachycardia).
Serum Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
Frequency: Daily or as clinically indicated (e.g., q12h in critical illness)
Target: Within normal physiological range
Action Threshold: Abnormal values (e.g., hypernatremia, hypokalemia).
Physical Assessment (Edema, Lung Sounds, Skin Turgor)
Frequency: Daily or as clinically indicated
Target: Absence of signs of fluid imbalance
Action Threshold: Development of peripheral or pulmonary edema, decreased skin turgor.
Symptom Monitoring
- Signs of fluid overload (e.g., swelling/edema, shortness of breath, crackles in lungs, rapid weight gain, elevated blood pressure)
- Signs of electrolyte imbalance (e.g., muscle weakness, confusion, irregular heart beat, nausea, vomiting)
- Pain or swelling at injection site (infiltration)
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy when clinically indicated for fluid and electrolyte replacement. Close monitoring of fluid balance is important.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
No known specific risks.
Second Trimester:
No known specific risks.
Third Trimester:
No known specific risks, but caution with fluid overload, especially in pre-eclampsia.
Lactation
Considered safe for use during lactation. Sodium and chloride are normal components of breast milk, and administration of 0.9% Sodium Chloride is unlikely to cause adverse effects in the infant.
Infant Risk:
Low (L1)
Pediatric Use
Use with caution, especially in neonates and infants, due to immature renal function and higher risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Dosing must be carefully calculated based on weight and clinical status. Risk of hypernatremia or fluid overload is higher.
Geriatric Use
Use with caution due to age-related decline in renal and cardiac function, which increases the risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Start with lower infusion rates and monitor closely.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Sodium Chloride 0.9% is isotonic and primarily expands the extracellular fluid volume. It is the fluid of choice for rapid volume expansion in hypovolemic shock.
- Avoid rapid or excessive administration in patients with heart failure, severe renal impairment, or conditions predisposing to sodium retention (e.g., cirrhosis, corticosteroid use) due to the risk of fluid overload and pulmonary edema.
- While generally safe, prolonged or excessive use can lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to the relatively high chloride content compared to plasma.
- Always check for compatibility when using 0.9% Sodium Chloride as a vehicle for other medications.
- Monitor for signs of infiltration or phlebitis at the IV site.
Alternative Therapies
- Lactated Ringer's Solution (LR): Another isotonic crystalloid, often preferred for large volume resuscitation due to its more physiological electrolyte composition (contains lactate, which is metabolized to bicarbonate).
- Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W): Hypotonic solution once dextrose is metabolized, primarily used for free water replacement and to provide calories.
- Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Sodium Chloride (D5 1/2 NS): Hypotonic solution, used for maintenance fluids.
- Plasma-Lyte A: A balanced crystalloid solution with a more physiological electrolyte profile than normal saline.
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
$0.50 - $5.00 per 50mL bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Generally covered by most insurance plans as a medical supply or part of hospital/clinic charges.
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems persist or worsen, it is essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others, and do not take medication prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly; do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless instructed to do so by a healthcare professional. If you are unsure about the proper disposal method, consult your pharmacist, who can also inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, which your pharmacist can provide. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the quantity, and the time of ingestion to ensure prompt and effective treatment.