Dextrose 10% Inj, 500ml
It is used to treat low blood sugar. Some products are used to add fluid to the body after fluid loss, to mix with certain drugs that are given as an injection, or to add calories to a TPN.
Drug Class
Fluid and nutrient replacement; Caloric agent
Pharmacologic Class
Carbohydrate; Monosaccharide
Pregnancy Category
Category C
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
Dextrose 10% Injection is a sterile solution of sugar (glucose) and water given through a vein. It provides your body with energy and helps maintain proper fluid balance. It's used when you can't eat or drink enough, or when your blood sugar is too low.
How to Use This Medicine
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and carefully read all accompanying information. Take this medication exactly as directed, and adhere to all guidelines provided. This drug is administered intravenously over a specified period.
If you need to store this medication at home, consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to determine the proper storage procedure.
In the event that you miss a dose, contact your doctor promptly to receive guidance on the appropriate course of action.
If you need to store this medication at home, consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to determine the proper storage procedure.
In the event that you miss a dose, contact your doctor promptly to receive guidance on the appropriate course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- This medication is administered by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting.
- Report any discomfort, pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site immediately.
- Report any unusual symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, confusion, or difficulty breathing.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 1000ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 250ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 100ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 50ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.2% Inj, 1000ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.45% Inj, 1000ml
- D5w/nacl 0.9% Inj, 1000ml
- Dextrose 50% Injection Ftv 25x50ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 70% Inj, 2000ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.45% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 50% Inj, 50ml
- Dextrose 10% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 10% Inj, 250ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 25ml
- Dextrose 5% Pgbk Inj, 100ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.3% Inj, 1000ml
- Dextrose 5% Inj, 150ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.45% Inj, 250ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.3% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 30% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 20% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 70% Inj, 500ml
- Dextrose 10% Inj, 1000ml
- Dextrose 5%/nacl 0.3% Inj, 250ml
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly variable based on patient's fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs. Typically infused intravenously at a rate determined by clinical condition and blood glucose levels.
Condition-Specific Dosing:
hypoglycemia:
For severe hypoglycemia, 25-50 g (250-500 mL of Dextrose 10%) IV push or rapid infusion, followed by continuous infusion if needed.
maintenanceFluid:
As part of maintenance IV fluids, rate adjusted to provide necessary calories and fluid, typically 100-200 mL/hour, but highly individualized.
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Initial rate 5-8 mg/kg/min (e.g., 50-80 mL/kg/day of Dextrose 10%), adjusted based on blood glucose and fluid balance.
Infant:
Initial rate 5-8 mg/kg/min (e.g., 50-80 mL/kg/day of Dextrose 10%), adjusted based on blood glucose and fluid balance.
Child:
Initial rate 5-8 mg/kg/min (e.g., 50-80 mL/kg/day of Dextrose 10%), adjusted based on blood glucose and fluid balance.
Adolescent:
Similar to adult dosing, adjusted based on weight and metabolic needs.
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
No specific adjustment for dextrose itself, but monitor fluid and electrolyte balance closely.
Moderate:
No specific adjustment for dextrose itself, but monitor fluid and electrolyte balance closely; risk of fluid overload increased.
Severe:
No specific adjustment for dextrose itself, but monitor fluid and electrolyte balance extremely closely; risk of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hyperkalemia if potassium added) is high.
Dialysis:
Administer with caution, monitor fluid balance and blood glucose. Dextrose may be used to manage hypoglycemia during dialysis or as a caloric source.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Adjustment not typically needed.
Moderate:
Adjustment not typically needed, but monitor blood glucose as glucose metabolism may be altered.
Severe:
Monitor blood glucose closely; patients with severe hepatic impairment may have impaired glucose utilization or gluconeogenesis, requiring careful titration to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Dextrose is a monosaccharide (glucose) that provides a source of calories and fluid. It is readily metabolized by the body to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It helps to restore blood glucose levels in hypoglycemia, provides hydration, and can spare body protein by providing an alternative energy source.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100%
Tmax:
Not applicable (IV administration, immediate effect)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable (IV administration)
Distribution:
Vd:
Approximately 0.6 L/kg (distributes into total body water)
ProteinBinding:
0%
CnssPenetration:
Yes
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Not applicable (continuously metabolized)
Clearance:
Highly variable, depends on metabolic rate and glucose utilization
ExcretionRoute:
Metabolized to CO2 (exhaled) and H2O (excreted renally or insensible losses)
Unchanged:
Less than 1% (under normal conditions)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Minutes (rapid)
PeakEffect:
Dependent on infusion rate and patient's metabolic state
DurationOfAction:
Dependent on infusion rate and patient's metabolic state (continuous effect during infusion)
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or fainting
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or changes in urine production
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe stomach upset or vomiting
Blue or gray discoloration of the skin, lips, nail beds, fingers, or toes
Fever or chills
Shortness of breath, significant weight gain, or swelling in the arms or legs
* Pain and irritation at the injection site
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. However, many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones. If you have any side effects that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor for advice.
Not all possible side effects are listed here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, discuss them with your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, including:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or fainting
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or changes in urine production
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe stomach upset or vomiting
Blue or gray discoloration of the skin, lips, nail beds, fingers, or toes
Fever or chills
Shortness of breath, significant weight gain, or swelling in the arms or legs
* Pain and irritation at the injection site
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. However, many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones. If you have any side effects that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor for advice.
Not all possible side effects are listed here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, discuss them with your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Excessive thirst or urination (signs of high blood sugar)
- Swelling in ankles, feet, or hands (signs of fluid overload)
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Confusion or dizziness
- Pain, redness, or swelling at the IV site
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Bleeding in the brain or spine
+ Severe dehydration
+ Severe liver problems
+ Difficulty urinating
This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your health problems and medications with your doctor.
To ensure your safety, please disclose the following information to your doctor and pharmacist:
All prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking
Any natural products or vitamins you are using
* All your health problems
It is vital to verify that it is safe to take this medication with your existing medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Bleeding in the brain or spine
+ Severe dehydration
+ Severe liver problems
+ Difficulty urinating
This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your health problems and medications with your doctor.
To ensure your safety, please disclose the following information to your doctor and pharmacist:
All prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking
Any natural products or vitamins you are using
* All your health problems
It is vital to verify that it is safe to take this medication with your existing medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor, to monitor your condition. Discuss any concerns or questions you have with your doctor.
This medication may contain aluminum, which can increase the risk of aluminum toxicity with long-term use. This risk is higher if you have kidney problems or if you are a premature infant. Your doctor will need to monitor you closely to minimize this risk.
In some cases, this medication may be mixed with parenteral nutrition (PN). However, PN has been associated with serious complications, including blood clots in the lungs, infections, high blood sugar, and liver problems. In rare instances, these complications can be fatal. If you have any questions or concerns about PN, discuss them with your doctor.
When used in newborns, this medication requires careful monitoring. Your doctor will need to assess the benefits and risks of using this medication in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of using this medication to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
This medication may contain aluminum, which can increase the risk of aluminum toxicity with long-term use. This risk is higher if you have kidney problems or if you are a premature infant. Your doctor will need to monitor you closely to minimize this risk.
In some cases, this medication may be mixed with parenteral nutrition (PN). However, PN has been associated with serious complications, including blood clots in the lungs, infections, high blood sugar, and liver problems. In rare instances, these complications can be fatal. If you have any questions or concerns about PN, discuss them with your doctor.
When used in newborns, this medication requires careful monitoring. Your doctor will need to assess the benefits and risks of using this medication in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of using this medication to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
- Osmotic diuresis (excessive urination leading to dehydration)
- Fluid overload (edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia due to intracellular shift with glucose metabolism)
- Cerebral edema (rare, but possible with rapid correction of severe hyponatremia or in specific conditions)
What to Do:
Immediate medical attention required. Management involves stopping or reducing the infusion, administering insulin if hyperglycemia is severe, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and managing fluid overload with diuretics if necessary. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control).
Drug Interactions
Moderate Interactions
- Insulin (pharmacodynamic interaction: dextrose increases blood glucose, insulin lowers it; requires careful titration)
- Diuretics (especially loop diuretics, can affect electrolyte balance and fluid status, requiring careful monitoring when co-administered with dextrose solutions)
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Blood Glucose
Rationale: To establish baseline glucose level and guide initial infusion rate.
Timing: Prior to initiation of infusion
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, HCO3)
Rationale: To assess baseline electrolyte status and identify any pre-existing imbalances, especially if other electrolytes are to be added.
Timing: Prior to initiation of infusion
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to handle fluid and electrolytes.
Timing: Prior to initiation of infusion
Fluid Status (Weight, I&O, vital signs, physical exam)
Rationale: To assess hydration status and prevent fluid overload or dehydration.
Timing: Prior to initiation of infusion
Routine Monitoring
Blood Glucose
Frequency: Every 2-6 hours initially, then as clinically indicated (e.g., daily for stable patients, more frequently for unstable or diabetic patients)
Target: 70-180 mg/dL (individualized based on patient condition)
Action Threshold: <70 mg/dL (hypoglycemia) or >180-200 mg/dL (hyperglycemia)
Serum Electrolytes
Frequency: Daily or every 12-24 hours, more frequently if clinically unstable or large fluid shifts
Target: Normal physiological ranges
Action Threshold: Significant deviations from normal range
Fluid Balance (Intake & Output)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or continuously
Target: Appropriate balance for patient's condition
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative fluid balance
Vital Signs (BP, HR, RR)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or as clinically indicated
Target: Within patient's normal limits
Action Threshold: Signs of fluid overload (e.g., hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea) or dehydration
Symptom Monitoring
- Signs of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status)
- Signs of fluid overload (edema, dyspnea, crackles, jugular venous distension, weight gain)
- Signs of electrolyte imbalance (muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, altered mental status)
- Signs of phlebitis or extravasation at infusion site (pain, redness, swelling)
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Dextrose is a natural component of the body and is often used in pregnancy for hydration, caloric support, or management of hypoglycemia. Generally considered safe when administered appropriately and blood glucose levels are monitored.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
No known specific risks.
Second Trimester:
No known specific risks.
Third Trimester:
No known specific risks. Can be used for maternal hydration or energy.
Lactation
Dextrose is a natural sugar and is compatible with breastfeeding. It is not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants.
Infant Risk:
Low risk (L1)
Pediatric Use
Dextrose solutions are commonly used in pediatric patients for fluid, electrolyte, and caloric support. Dosing must be carefully calculated based on weight, age, and metabolic needs to avoid hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, or fluid overload. Neonates and infants are particularly vulnerable to glucose fluctuations and fluid imbalances.
Geriatric Use
Use with caution in elderly patients due to increased risk of comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, renal impairment, heart failure) that may affect glucose metabolism and fluid balance. Close monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid status is essential to prevent hyperglycemia, fluid overload, or electrolyte disturbances.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Dextrose 10% is hypertonic (approximately 505 mOsm/L) and should be administered via a central venous catheter if possible, especially for prolonged infusions, to minimize the risk of phlebitis and vein irritation. Peripheral administration is acceptable for short-term use or when central access is not feasible, but monitor the site closely.
- Rapid infusion of Dextrose 10% can lead to hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and fluid shifts. Always infuse at a controlled rate.
- In patients with diabetes or stress-induced hyperglycemia, insulin may be required to maintain blood glucose within target range.
- Dextrose solutions do not contain electrolytes. If electrolyte replacement is needed, appropriate electrolytes (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride) must be added.
- Avoid abrupt discontinuation of high-rate dextrose infusions, especially in patients who have been receiving them for prolonged periods, as this can lead to rebound hypoglycemia.
Alternative Therapies
- Other intravenous fluid solutions (e.g., 0.9% Sodium Chloride, Lactated Ringer's)
- Oral glucose (for conscious patients with mild hypoglycemia)
- Glucagon (for severe hypoglycemia when IV access is not available)
- Parenteral nutrition (for long-term caloric and nutritional support)
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
Low cost per 500ml bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Tier 1 (usually covered by most insurance plans as a standard medical supply)
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure your safety and the safety of others, never share your medication with anyone, and do not take medication that has been prescribed to someone else.
All medications should be stored in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. When disposing of unused or expired medications, do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or pharmacist. Instead, consult with your pharmacist to determine the best method for disposal, as some communities may have designated drug take-back programs.
Additionally, some medications may come with a separate patient information leaflet; if you have questions or concerns, consult with your pharmacist. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, it is crucial to discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, including the dosage and time of ingestion, to ensure prompt and effective treatment.
All medications should be stored in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. When disposing of unused or expired medications, do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or pharmacist. Instead, consult with your pharmacist to determine the best method for disposal, as some communities may have designated drug take-back programs.
Additionally, some medications may come with a separate patient information leaflet; if you have questions or concerns, consult with your pharmacist. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, it is crucial to discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, including the dosage and time of ingestion, to ensure prompt and effective treatment.