Heparin Sod/nacl 25000u Inj, 500ml

Heparin binds to antithrombin III (ATIII), a plasma protein that inactivates thrombin (Factor IIa) and Factor Xa. This binding causes a conformational change in ATIII, greatly accelerating its inhibitory action (by 1,000-fold or more) on these clotting factors. Heparin also inhibits other coagulation factors, including IXa, XIa, XIIa, and plasmin, but its primary anticoagulant effect is mediated through ATIII inhibition of thrombin and Factor Xa.

Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away

Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash or hives
+ Itching or red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin (with or without fever)
+ Wheezing or tightness in the chest or throat
+ Difficulty breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of bleeding, including:
+ Vomiting or coughing up blood
+ Vomit that resembles coffee grounds
+ Blood in the urine
+ Black, red, or tarry stools
+ Bleeding from the gums
+ Abnormal vaginal bleeding
+ Unexplained bruises or bruises that enlarge
+ Uncontrollable bleeding
Neurological symptoms, such as:
+ Weakness on one side of the body
+ Difficulty speaking or thinking
+ Changes in balance
+ Drooping on one side of the face
+ Blurred vision
Feeling confused
Severe headache
Dizziness or fainting
Upset stomach or vomiting
Unusual burning sensations, particularly on the soles of the feet
Swelling, warmth, numbness, color changes, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Shortness of breath
Back pain
Groin or pelvic pain or swelling
Changes in skin color at the injection site
Skin breakdown at the site of administration
Fever or chills

Other Possible Side Effects

As with any medication, you may experience side effects. While many people do not have any side effects or only have mild ones, it is essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any side effects that bother you or persist, contact your doctor for advice.

Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects not mentioned here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced.
If you are allergic to pork products, discuss this with your doctor.
* Certain health conditions, including:
+ Bleeding problems or a low platelet count.
+ A history of low platelet count caused by heparin or pentosan polysulfate.

This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to disclose all your medications (prescription, over-the-counter, natural products, and vitamins) and health issues to your doctor and pharmacist. They will help determine if it is safe to take this medication with your other medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.

While taking this drug, you may experience easier bleeding. To minimize the risk of injury, be cautious and take precautions such as using a soft toothbrush and an electric razor.

There is a risk of severe and potentially life-threatening bleeding problems associated with this medication. Additionally, this drug can cause a condition known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which may lead to the formation of blood clots, referred to as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITTS). Both HIT and HITTS can be fatal or cause other complications, and they may occur up to several weeks after discontinuing the medication. If you have any questions or concerns, discuss them with your doctor. It is crucial to undergo blood tests as directed by your doctor and to consult with them regularly.

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests. Therefore, it is vital to inform all your healthcare providers and laboratory personnel that you are taking this drug.

If you fall, injure yourself, or hit your head, contact your doctor immediately, even if you feel fine.

Ensure that you have the correct product, as this medication is available in various containers and strengths. If you are unsure, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

If you have a sulfite allergy, discuss this with your doctor, as some products contain sulfites.

Individuals over 60 years old should exercise caution when using this medication, as they may be more susceptible to side effects.

Some products contain benzyl alcohol, which can cause serious side effects in newborns and infants, particularly when combined with other medications containing benzyl alcohol. Consult your doctor to determine if this product contains benzyl alcohol and to discuss potential risks.

If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. It is necessary to discuss the benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby.

• History of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Active major bleeding
• Severe thrombocytopenia
• Uncontrolled severe hypertension
• Recent brain, spinal, or eye surgery
• Bacterial endocarditis

• Other anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) - increased bleeding risk
• Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel) - increased bleeding risk
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib) - increased bleeding risk
• Thrombolytic agents (e.g., alteplase, tenecteplase) - increased bleeding risk
• Dextran - increased bleeding risk

• Herbal supplements (e.g., ginkgo biloba, garlic, ginger, dong quai, feverfew) - potential increased bleeding risk
• SSRIs/SNRIs - potential increased bleeding risk
• Corticosteroids (long-term use) - potential increased bleeding risk

• Nitroglycerin (IV) - may decrease heparin effect (monitor aPTT)

• Unusual bleeding or bruising (e.g., nosebleeds, gum bleeding, blood in urine or stool, black/tarry stools, excessive bruising, petechiae)
• Signs of internal bleeding (e.g., severe headache, dizziness, weakness, abdominal pain, swelling, joint pain)
• Signs of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) such as new or worsening thrombosis, skin lesions at injection sites, or sudden drop in platelet count.

Heparin is generally considered the anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy because it does not cross the placenta and therefore does not cause fetal anticoagulation or teratogenic effects. However, close monitoring is required due to physiological changes in pregnancy affecting heparin pharmacokinetics and increased risk of bleeding.

Heparin is considered safe during breastfeeding. It is a large molecule and is not excreted into breast milk in clinically significant amounts. It is also poorly absorbed orally by the infant.

Dosing is weight-based and often requires careful titration and monitoring of aPTT or anti-Xa levels. Neonates and infants may require higher doses per kg due to higher antithrombin levels and faster clearance. Risk of bleeding is present, and careful monitoring is crucial.

Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of heparin and have an increased risk of bleeding. Lower initial doses or more conservative dosing strategies may be considered. Close monitoring of aPTT/anti-Xa and for signs of bleeding is essential.

• Heparin is dosed in units, not milligrams. Ensure correct unit conversion and concentration (e.g., 25,000 units in 500 mL = 50 units/mL).
• Always verify the concentration of heparin before administration to prevent dosing errors.
• Monitor aPTT (or anti-Xa) and platelet count closely. A significant drop in platelets (>50% from baseline or <100,000/µL) should prompt evaluation for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT).
• Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose. 1 mg of protamine neutralizes approximately 100 units of heparin.
• Subcutaneous heparin should be administered in the abdomen, at least 2 inches from the navel, using a 90-degree angle, and without aspiration or rubbing after injection to minimize bruising.
• Heparin can cause hyperkalemia, especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors.
• Avoid intramuscular (IM) injections due to the risk of hematoma formation.

• Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) (e.g., enoxaparin, dalteparin) - for VTE treatment and prophylaxis, often preferred for outpatient use.
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) (e.g., dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) - for VTE treatment and prophylaxis, and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
• Warfarin (Vitamin K Antagonist) - for long-term anticoagulation.
• Fondaparinux (Synthetic Factor Xa Inhibitor) - for VTE treatment and prophylaxis.

If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others, and do not take medication prescribed to someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly. Unless instructed otherwise, do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain. If you are unsure about the proper disposal method, consult your pharmacist for advice. Many communities have drug take-back programs, which your pharmacist can help you locate. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet; check with your pharmacist to see if this applies to your prescription. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken to ensure prompt and effective treatment.