Atropine Sulfate 1mg/ml Inj, 1ml

Atropine is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5). It blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector sites, including smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. This blockade leads to increased heart rate, decreased salivary and bronchial secretions, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and pupillary dilation.

Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away

Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Urination difficulties
Chest pain or pressure, rapid heartbeat, or irregular heartbeat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Breathing difficulties, slow breathing, or shallow breathing
Confusion
Balance problems
Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there)
Extreme fatigue or weakness
Restlessness
Shakiness
Abdominal swelling
Severe constipation or stomach pain, which may indicate a serious bowel problem
Erectile dysfunction or decreased libido
Depression
Changes in vision, eye pain, or severe eye irritation
Inability to sweat during physical activity or in warm temperatures

Other Possible Side Effects

Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other symptoms that bother you or persist, contact your doctor:

Blurred vision
Sensitivity to bright lights
Constipation
Stomach pain
Nausea or vomiting
Decreased sweating
Dizziness or headache
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Dry nose
Dilated pupils
Flushing
Pain at the injection site

This is not an exhaustive list of possible side effects. If you have questions or concerns, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances you are taking.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.

To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that this medication can be taken safely with all your other medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor.

Important Warnings and Cautions

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.

To minimize the risk of dehydration, be cautious in hot weather or when engaging in physical activity, and drink plenty of fluids to prevent fluid loss.

Accidental Ingestion Warning
If this medication is swallowed, seek immediate medical attention by calling a doctor or poison control center right away, as it may cause harm.

Special Precautions
If you are 65 years or older, use this medication with caution, as you may be more susceptible to side effects.

When administering this medication to children, exercise caution, as the risk of certain side effects may be higher in this population.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your doctor to discuss the potential benefits and risks to you and your baby.

Multi-Dose Container Warning
Some products contain benzyl alcohol. To minimize the risk of serious side effects in newborns and infants, it is recommended to avoid products containing benzyl alcohol whenever possible. Benzyl alcohol can cause severe adverse effects in these children, particularly when combined with other medications containing benzyl alcohol. Consult your doctor to determine if this product contains benzyl alcohol and to discuss alternative options.

• Other anticholinergic agents (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, antihistamines, disopyramide, quinidine): Potentiate anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, CNS effects).
• Potassium chloride (oral forms): Increased risk of GI lesions due to decreased GI motility.

• Drugs that prolong QT interval (e.g., antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics): Theoretical risk of additive QT prolongation, especially in susceptible patients.
• Metoclopramide, domperidone: Atropine antagonizes their prokinetic effects.
• Antacids, antidiarrheals (adsorbent): May reduce atropine absorption if given concurrently.
• Opioid analgesics: Additive risk of constipation and urinary retention.

• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision
• Photophobia
• Urinary retention
• Constipation
• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Flushing
• Hot, dry skin
• Fever
• Agitation
• Delirium
• Hallucinations
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Category C. Atropine crosses the placenta. While human data are limited, animal studies show some adverse effects at high doses. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Atropine is excreted into breast milk. While the amount is generally small, it can potentially cause anticholinergic effects in the infant (e.g., drowsiness, constipation, urinary retention) and may decrease milk production. Use with caution, especially with repeated doses or in premature/neonatal infants. Monitor infant for anticholinergic effects.

Children, especially infants and young children, are more susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergic drugs. Fever and CNS effects (agitation, hallucinations) are more common. Dosing must be precise (0.02 mg/kg) and not less than 0.1 mg to avoid paradoxical bradycardia. Close monitoring is essential.

Elderly patients are more susceptible to the anticholinergic effects of atropine, particularly CNS effects (confusion, delirium, hallucinations) and peripheral effects (dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision). Use with caution and consider lower initial doses.

• Atropine is the classic antidote for organophosphate poisoning, reversing muscarinic effects. Titrate to 'atropinization' (drying of secretions, clearing of lungs, heart rate >80 bpm, dilated pupils).
• In ACLS, atropine is primarily used for symptomatic bradycardia. It is no longer recommended for routine use in asystole or PEA.
• A minimum dose of 0.1 mg is recommended in children to avoid paradoxical bradycardia, which can occur with very low doses.
• The mnemonic 'hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter' describes the classic signs of anticholinergic toxicity.
• Atropine can cause paradoxical bradycardia if given too slowly or at very low doses, especially in patients with high vagal tone.

• For symptomatic bradycardia: Epinephrine, dopamine, transcutaneous pacing.
• For pre-anesthesia: Glycopyrrolate (less CNS penetration, less tachycardia), scopolamine (more sedative, antiemetic).
• For organophosphate poisoning: Pralidoxime (2-PAM) is used in conjunction with atropine to reactivate acetylcholinesterase.

If your symptoms or health problems persist or worsen, it is essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others, and do not take medication prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly. Unless instructed otherwise, do not flush medications down the toilet or drain. If you are unsure about the proper disposal method, consult your pharmacist, who can also inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, which your pharmacist can provide. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it occurred.