Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.3/0.45 Inj, 1000ml
It is used to give fluids to the body when more fluids and electrolytes are needed.It is used as a way to give other drugs as a shot.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Fluid and Electrolyte Replenisher; Nutrient
Pharmacologic Class
Electrolyte Solution; Carbohydrate Solution; Intravenous Fluid
Pregnancy Category
Category C (Generally considered safe when clinically indicated, but careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial)
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
This is an intravenous (IV) fluid, meaning it's given directly into your vein. It contains water, sugar (dextrose), and important salts like sodium and potassium. It's used to help keep your body hydrated, provide some energy, and make sure your body has the right balance of essential salts, especially if you can't drink enough or have lost a lot of fluids.
How to Use This Medicine
Proper Use of This Medication
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
Safe Disposal of Needles and Supplies
Dispose of needles and other sharp objects in a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
Safe Disposal of Needles and Supplies
Dispose of needles and other sharp objects in a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- Report any discomfort at the IV site (pain, swelling, redness).
- Report any new or worsening symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling in your ankles or feet, unusual thirst, or changes in how much you urinate.
- Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding oral fluid intake and diet while receiving IV fluids.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 30ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.15/0.9 Inj , 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl .15/.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 20ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 10ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 20ml
- Pot Chl/nacl 0.15/.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/lr 0.15% Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chloride 20meq Inj, 100ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.3/0.45 Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl .075/.45 Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.15/0.2 Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/dextrose 5%/nacl0.45% Inj
- Potassium Chloride ER 8meq Tablets
- Potassium Cl 10meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Chloride ER 8meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Cl 10meq ER Capsules
- Potassium Chlor 10% Liq(20meq/15ml)
- Potassium Chlor 20% Liq(40meq/15ml)
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Pot Chloride 8meq CR Capsules
- Potassium Chloride 20meq Powder Pkt
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Cit ER 1620mg (15meq) Tab
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Chl 40meq Inj, 100ml
- Potassium Chloride 10meq Inj, 50ml
- Potassium Chloride 20meq Inj, 50ml
- Potassium Chloride 10meq ER Tablets
- Kcl/d5w/lact 20meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Chloride 20meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Cl 20meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Chloride 20meqpowder Pkt
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 250ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 50ml
- Potassium Chl 10meq Inj,100ml
- Pot Chl/nacl 40meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/d5w 20meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/d5w 10meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Chlor/nacl 20meq/l Inj
- Potassium Chloride 15meq ER Tabs
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly individualized based on patient's fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs, clinical condition, body weight, and laboratory values. Typical infusion rates vary from 40-125 mL/hour, but can be higher in acute situations.
Condition-Specific Dosing:
dehydration:
Rate and volume adjusted to correct fluid deficit and maintain hydration.
electrolyte_imbalance:
Rate and volume adjusted to correct specific electrolyte deficits (e.g., hypokalemia, hyponatremia) while avoiding overload.
maintenance:
Typically 40-125 mL/hour for maintenance fluid and electrolyte needs.
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Highly individualized based on weight, gestational age, fluid status, and electrolyte balance. Careful monitoring is essential due to immature renal function.
Infant:
Highly individualized based on weight, fluid status, and electrolyte balance. Close monitoring of intake/output and electrolytes.
Child:
Highly individualized based on weight, fluid status, and electrolyte balance. Close monitoring of intake/output and electrolytes.
Adolescent:
Highly individualized based on weight, fluid status, and electrolyte balance. Dosing approaches adult considerations as patient matures.
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor electrolytes (especially potassium) and fluid balance closely.
Moderate:
Reduced rates and volumes may be necessary; frequent monitoring of electrolytes (especially potassium) and fluid status is critical to prevent fluid overload and hyperkalemia.
Severe:
Contraindicated or used with extreme caution and significant reduction in volume/rate, especially if anuric or oliguric, due to risk of fluid overload, hyperkalemia, and other electrolyte disturbances. Dialysis may be required.
Dialysis:
Volume and electrolyte content must be carefully considered in patients on dialysis to prevent fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Often, specific dialysis solutions are preferred.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Adjustment not typically required, but monitor for fluid retention.
Moderate:
Adjustment not typically required, but monitor for fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances, especially in patients with ascites or edema.
Severe:
Adjustment not typically required, but monitor for fluid retention, ascites, and electrolyte imbalances. Avoid excessive sodium if fluid retention is a concern.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Provides water for hydration, dextrose for caloric energy and to spare protein, and essential electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, support cellular function, and regulate osmotic pressure. Dextrose is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, providing free water. Sodium and chloride are primary extracellular ions, crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve/muscle function. Potassium is the primary intracellular cation, vital for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and enzyme function.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100% (intravenous administration)
Tmax:
Not applicable (continuously infused)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable (intravenous administration)
Distribution:
Vd:
Distributes throughout total body water (water, dextrose, sodium, chloride) and intracellular fluid (potassium).
ProteinBinding:
Not applicable (electrolytes and dextrose do not significantly bind to plasma proteins)
CnssPenetration:
Yes (water, electrolytes, and glucose readily cross the blood-brain barrier)
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Not applicable (components are continuously utilized or excreted)
Clearance:
Varies based on metabolic demand (dextrose) and renal function (electrolytes, water)
ExcretionRoute:
Primarily renal (water, sodium, potassium, chloride); Dextrose is metabolized and excreted as CO2 and water.
Unchanged:
Not applicable (components are either metabolized or excreted as ions)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Rapid (immediate distribution and effect upon intravenous infusion)
PeakEffect:
Continuous during infusion, effects are sustained as long as infusion continues and body's needs are met.
DurationOfAction:
Dependent on infusion rate, patient's metabolic needs, and renal function. Effects cease shortly after discontinuation of infusion as components are utilized or excreted.
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Immediately
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention right away:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, such as:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. Many people may not experience any side effects or may only have mild ones. If you notice any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
This is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention right away:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, such as:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. Many people may not experience any side effects or may only have mild ones. If you notice any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
This is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, or face
- Rapid weight gain
- Unusual thirst or dry mouth
- Confusion or dizziness
- Muscle weakness or cramps
- Irregular heartbeat
- Headache or nausea (especially if severe or persistent)
- Seizures
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about any allergies you have, including:
- An allergy to this medication or any of its components
- An allergy to other medications, foods, or substances
Please describe the allergy and the symptoms you experienced.
This medication may interact with other medications or health conditions. To ensure safe use, discuss the following with your doctor and pharmacist:
- All prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking
- Any natural products or vitamins you are using
- Your health problems, including any medical conditions or concerns
Before starting, stopping, or changing the dose of any medication, including this one, consult with your doctor to confirm it is safe to do so with your current medications and health conditions.
It is essential to inform your doctor about any allergies you have, including:
- An allergy to this medication or any of its components
- An allergy to other medications, foods, or substances
Please describe the allergy and the symptoms you experienced.
This medication may interact with other medications or health conditions. To ensure safe use, discuss the following with your doctor and pharmacist:
- All prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking
- Any natural products or vitamins you are using
- Your health problems, including any medical conditions or concerns
Before starting, stopping, or changing the dose of any medication, including this one, consult with your doctor to confirm it is safe to do so with your current medications and health conditions.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.
If your medication contains potassium, consult with your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe management of your condition.
Regular blood tests will be necessary as directed by your doctor. Be sure to follow their instructions and discuss any concerns or questions you may have.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution, as they may have a higher risk of experiencing side effects.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of this medication for both you and your baby.
If your medication contains potassium, consult with your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe management of your condition.
Regular blood tests will be necessary as directed by your doctor. Be sure to follow their instructions and discuss any concerns or questions you may have.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution, as they may have a higher risk of experiencing side effects.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor. They will help you weigh the benefits and risks of this medication for both you and your baby.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Fluid overload (pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, hypertension, heart failure)
- Hyperkalemia (muscle weakness, paresthesias, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest)
- Hypernatremia (thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma)
- Hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state)
- Metabolic acidosis (due to excessive chloride in some formulations)
What to Do:
Immediate discontinuation of infusion. Management is supportive and directed at correcting the specific fluid and electrolyte imbalances. This may include diuretics for fluid overload, insulin for hyperglycemia, calcium gluconate/insulin/glucose/sodium bicarbonate for hyperkalemia, or dialysis in severe cases. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control) for specific guidance.
Drug Interactions
Major Interactions
- Drugs that increase potassium levels (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, cyclosporine, tacrolimus) - increased risk of hyperkalemia when co-administered with potassium-containing fluids.
- Corticosteroids - may increase sodium and fluid retention, leading to fluid overload or exacerbation of hypertension.
- Insulin - may affect glucose utilization and potassium shifts (insulin drives potassium into cells).
Moderate Interactions
- Diuretics (loop or thiazide) - may alter fluid and electrolyte balance, requiring careful monitoring and adjustment of IV fluid composition.
- Digoxin - hypokalemia (if fluid causes potassium depletion) can increase digoxin toxicity; hyperkalemia (if fluid causes potassium excess) can decrease digoxin efficacy.
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl)
Rationale: To establish baseline electrolyte status and guide initial fluid composition.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to excrete fluid and electrolytes.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Fluid Status Assessment (Weight, Vital Signs, Edema)
Rationale: To determine hydration status and identify signs of fluid overload or dehydration.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Blood Glucose
Rationale: To assess baseline glucose levels, especially with dextrose-containing solutions.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Routine Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl)
Frequency: Every 4-24 hours, depending on clinical stability and infusion rate
Target: Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L; Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; Chloride: 98-107 mEq/L
Action Threshold: Significant deviation from normal range or rapid change (e.g., Na <130 or >150, K <3.0 or >5.5)
Fluid Balance (Intake/Output)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours
Target: Balanced or appropriate for clinical goal (e.g., positive balance for rehydration, negative for diuresis)
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative balance indicating fluid overload or dehydration
Vital Signs (BP, HR, RR)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or more frequently as needed
Target: Within patient's normal range
Action Threshold: Changes indicative of fluid overload (e.g., hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea) or dehydration (e.g., hypotension, tachycardia)
Blood Glucose
Frequency: Every 4-6 hours, especially in diabetic patients or those receiving high dextrose loads
Target: 70-180 mg/dL (or per institutional protocol)
Action Threshold: Hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) or hyperglycemia (>180-200 mg/dL)
Weight
Frequency: Daily
Target: Stable or appropriate for clinical goal
Action Threshold: Rapid weight gain (>1-2 kg/day) or loss
Symptom Monitoring
- Signs of fluid overload (e.g., dyspnea, crackles, peripheral edema, jugular venous distention)
- Signs of dehydration (e.g., thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, decreased urine output)
- Symptoms of hyperkalemia (e.g., muscle weakness, paresthesias, cardiac arrhythmias)
- Symptoms of hypokalemia (e.g., muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, cardiac arrhythmias)
- Symptoms of hyponatremia (e.g., headache, nausea, confusion, seizures)
- Symptoms of hypernatremia (e.g., thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures)
- Symptoms of hyperglycemia (e.g., polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue)
- Symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., sweating, tremor, confusion, dizziness)
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Generally considered safe and often necessary during pregnancy for hydration, electrolyte balance, and nutrient support, especially in conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum. However, careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte status is crucial to avoid complications for both mother and fetus.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
Generally safe when indicated for hydration (e.g., hyperemesis gravidarum).
Second Trimester:
Generally safe when indicated.
Third Trimester:
Generally safe when indicated, but careful monitoring for fluid overload is important, especially in pre-eclampsia or other conditions with fluid retention.
Lactation
Components (water, electrolytes, glucose) are endogenous and essential for normal physiological function. Administration of these fluids is compatible with breastfeeding when clinically indicated and administered appropriately.
Infant Risk:
Low risk. Components are naturally present in breast milk. No adverse effects on the infant are expected when the mother receives appropriate IV fluid therapy.
Pediatric Use
Pediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, have a higher proportion of total body water and immature renal function, making them more susceptible to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Dosing must be meticulously calculated based on weight, age, and clinical status. Frequent monitoring of fluid balance, electrolytes, and glucose is essential.
Geriatric Use
Elderly patients may have decreased renal function, reduced thirst sensation, and comorbidities (e.g., heart failure, renal insufficiency) that predispose them to fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances. Dosing should be initiated cautiously with lower rates and volumes, and frequent monitoring of fluid status, electrolytes, and cardiac/renal function is critical.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Always verify the exact concentration of each component (KCl, Dextrose, NaCl) before administration, as variations exist.
- Hypotonic saline solutions (0.3% or 0.45% NaCl) are primarily used for maintenance fluids or to treat hypernatremia, as they provide free water. They should be used with caution in patients at risk for cerebral edema.
- Dextrose-containing solutions provide calories and spare protein, but can cause hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or stressed patients. Monitor blood glucose closely.
- Potassium chloride (KCl) must be administered slowly and never as an IV push due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. The maximum recommended peripheral infusion rate is typically 10 mEq/hour, and central line infusion is usually limited to 20 mEq/hour, with higher concentrations requiring cardiac monitoring.
- Assess fluid status frequently (daily weights, I/O, vital signs, physical exam) to prevent fluid overload or dehydration.
- Regularly monitor serum electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) and renal function to guide adjustments in fluid composition and rate.
- Consider the patient's underlying disease states (e.g., heart failure, renal failure, diabetes) when selecting and administering IV fluids.
Alternative Therapies
- Oral rehydration solutions (for mild to moderate dehydration)
- Other intravenous fluid types (e.g., 0.9% NaCl, Lactated Ringer's, D5W, D10W) depending on specific fluid and electrolyte needs.
- Specific electrolyte replacement (e.g., oral potassium supplements, IV potassium phosphate) if only a single electrolyte deficit is present.
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
Price varies widely by supplier, volume, and specific formulation per 1000ml bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Covered by most medical insurance plans as part of inpatient or outpatient medical treatment.
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems persist or worsen, it is essential to contact your doctor promptly. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others, and do not take medication prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly; do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless instructed to do so by a healthcare professional. If you are unsure about the correct disposal method, consult your pharmacist, who can also inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, which your pharmacist can provide. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.