Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.15/0.9 Inj , 1000ml
It is used to give fluids to the body when more fluids and electrolytes are needed.It is used as a way to give other drugs as a shot.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Fluid, electrolyte, and caloric replacement
Pharmacologic Class
Electrolyte solutions; Carbohydrate solutions
Pregnancy Category
C
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
This medication is a clear liquid given directly into your vein through an IV. It contains water, salts (like sodium and potassium), and a small amount of sugar (dextrose). It's used to replace fluids and electrolytes your body needs, especially if you're dehydrated, can't drink, or need extra nutrients.
How to Use This Medicine
Proper Use of This Medication
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and sharp objects, use a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. This medication is administered as an infusion into a vein over a period of time. Your doctor may instruct you on how to self-administer this medication.
Before and after handling the medication, wash your hands thoroughly. Do not use the medication if the solution appears cloudy, is leaking, or contains particles. Additionally, do not use the solution if it has changed color.
To dispose of used needles and sharp objects, use a designated needle/sharp disposal box. Never reuse needles or other items. When the disposal box is full, follow local regulations for proper disposal. If you have any questions or concerns, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Storage and Disposal
Typically, this medication is administered in a hospital or doctor's office. If you need to store it at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your doctor.
Missed Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to determine the best course of action.
Lifestyle & Tips
- Report any discomfort or pain at the IV site immediately.
- Inform your healthcare provider if you experience swelling, difficulty breathing, or changes in your heartbeat.
- Follow all instructions regarding fluid intake or restrictions while receiving IV fluids.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 30ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.15/0.9 Inj , 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl .15/.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 20ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 10ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 20ml
- Pot Chl/nacl 0.15/.45% Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/lr 0.15% Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chloride 20meq Inj, 100ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.3/0.45 Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl .075/.45 Inj, 1000ml
- Kcl/d5w/nacl 0.15/0.2 Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/dextrose 5%/nacl0.45% Inj
- Potassium Chloride ER 8meq Tablets
- Potassium Cl 10meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Chloride ER 8meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Cl 10meq ER Capsules
- Potassium Chlor 10% Liq(20meq/15ml)
- Potassium Chlor 20% Liq(40meq/15ml)
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Pot Chloride 8meq CR Capsules
- Potassium Chloride 20meq Powder Pkt
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Cit ER 1620mg (15meq) Tab
- Potassium Cl Micro 10meq ER Tabs
- Potassium Chl 40meq Inj, 100ml
- Potassium Chloride 10meq Inj, 50ml
- Potassium Chloride 20meq Inj, 50ml
- Potassium Chloride 10meq ER Tablets
- Kcl/d5w/lact 20meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Chloride 20meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Cl 20meq ER Tablets
- Potassium Chloride 20meqpowder Pkt
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 250ml
- Potassium Cl 2meq/ml Inj 50ml
- Potassium Chl 10meq Inj,100ml
- Pot Chl/nacl 40meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/d5w 20meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Pot Chl/d5w 10meq/l Inj, 1000ml
- Potassium Chlor/nacl 20meq/l Inj
- Potassium Chloride 15meq ER Tabs
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
Highly individualized based on patient's fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs. Typical maintenance rates range from 80-150 mL/hour, but can be significantly higher for rehydration or lower for fluid restriction.
Condition-Specific Dosing:
dehydration:
Higher rates (e.g., 200-500 mL/hour initially) until rehydrated, then maintenance.
maintenance:
Typically 80-125 mL/hour for basal fluid and electrolyte needs.
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Dosing based on body weight (e.g., 60-100 mL/kg/day) and specific electrolyte deficits, with careful monitoring due to immature renal function.
Infant:
Dosing based on body weight (e.g., 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, then 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg) and specific electrolyte deficits.
Child:
Dosing based on body weight or body surface area (e.g., Holliday-Segar method for maintenance: 100 mL/kg for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for next 10 kg, 20 mL/kg for remaining weight) and specific electrolyte deficits.
Adolescent:
Dosing based on body weight, approaching adult dosing, with careful consideration of growth and development.
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
Careful monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes (especially potassium and sodium); may require reduced rates.
Moderate:
Significant reduction in infusion rate; frequent monitoring of fluid status, electrolytes, and renal function; risk of fluid overload and hyperkalemia.
Severe:
Contraindicated or used with extreme caution at very low rates; frequent monitoring; often requires dialysis for fluid and electrolyte management.
Dialysis:
Fluid and electrolyte administration must be precisely managed in conjunction with dialysis; often restricted to replace losses during dialysis or to correct specific deficits.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Generally no specific dose adjustment for the fluid components, but monitor for fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances.
Moderate:
Increased risk of fluid retention and electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hyponatremia); monitor closely and adjust rate as needed.
Severe:
High risk of fluid overload, ascites, and electrolyte imbalances; requires very careful fluid restriction and frequent monitoring.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Kcl/D5W/NaCl 0.9% Injection provides water, electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium), and calories (dextrose) to maintain or restore fluid and electrolyte balance, and to provide a source of energy. Dextrose is metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, providing approximately 3.4 kcal/gram. Sodium and chloride are essential for maintaining extracellular fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance. Potassium is the major intracellular cation, crucial for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction (including cardiac muscle), and maintenance of intracellular tonicity.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
100%
Tmax:
Not applicable (continuous infusion)
FoodEffect:
Not applicable
Distribution:
Vd:
Water and electrolytes distribute throughout the total body water and extracellular fluid compartments. Dextrose distributes throughout the body fluids and is rapidly metabolized.
ProteinBinding:
Not applicable (electrolytes and dextrose)
CnssPenetration:
Yes (water and electrolytes cross blood-brain barrier)
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Variable (depends on fluid and electrolyte balance, renal function)
Clearance:
Primarily renal for water and electrolytes; dextrose is metabolized.
ExcretionRoute:
Renal (water, sodium, potassium, chloride)
Unchanged:
Variable (depends on body's needs and renal function)
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
Immediate (upon infusion)
PeakEffect:
Continuous effect during infusion
DurationOfAction:
Dependent on infusion rate and patient's physiological state; effects cease shortly after discontinuation.
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, such as:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of fluid and electrolyte problems, such as:
+ Mood changes
+ Confusion
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Fast or abnormal heartbeat
+ Severe dizziness or passing out
+ Increased thirst
+ Seizures
+ Feeling very tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
+ Unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced
+ Dry mouth
+ Dry eyes
+ Severe upset stomach or vomiting
Signs of skin infection, such as:
+ Oozing
+ Heat
+ Swelling
+ Redness
+ Pain
Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
Chest pain or pressure
Fever
Shortness of breath
Sudden weight gain
Swelling in the arms or legs
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
Irritation or swelling at the injection site
* Pain at the injection site
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Swelling in your hands, feet, ankles, or face (signs of fluid overload)
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Chest pain or irregular heartbeat
- Unusual muscle weakness or numbness/tingling
- Confusion, dizziness, or severe headache
- Increased thirst or dry mouth (signs of dehydration if fluid needs are not met)
- Pain, redness, swelling, or warmth at the IV insertion site
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with other medical conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that this medication can be taken with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with other medical conditions.
To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that this medication can be taken with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests are crucial while taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions for scheduling these tests and discuss the results with your doctor.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution due to a potentially higher risk of side effects in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, notify your doctor. It is crucial to discuss the benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby to make an informed decision.
If your medication contains potassium, consult your doctor before using any salt substitutes or products that also contain potassium.
If your medication contains dextrose and you have diabetes (high blood sugar), discuss this with your doctor to ensure safe use.
Regular blood tests are crucial while taking this medication. Follow your doctor's instructions for scheduling these tests and discuss the results with your doctor.
When administering this medication to newborns, exercise caution due to a potentially higher risk of side effects in this age group.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, notify your doctor. It is crucial to discuss the benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby to make an informed decision.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Fluid overload (pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, hypertension, heart failure)
- Hyperkalemia (muscle weakness, paresthesias, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest)
- Hypernatremia (thirst, lethargy, confusion, seizures, coma)
- Hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, osmotic diuresis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state)
What to Do:
Immediate discontinuation of infusion. Management is supportive and depends on the specific imbalance: diuretics for fluid overload, insulin for hyperglycemia, potassium-binding resins or dialysis for severe hyperkalemia, free water administration for hypernatremia. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control) for specific guidance.
Drug Interactions
Contraindicated Interactions
- Severe hyperkalemia
- Severe hypernatremia
- Severe fluid overload (e.g., acute pulmonary edema, decompensated heart failure)
- Anuria or severe oliguria (especially with potassium-containing solutions)
- Known hypersensitivity to any component (e.g., corn products for dextrose)
Major Interactions
- ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene): Increased risk of hyperkalemia when co-administered with potassium-containing solutions.
- NSAIDs, Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus: May increase risk of hyperkalemia.
- Corticosteroids: May increase sodium and fluid retention, leading to fluid overload and hypernatremia.
- Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics: May require dose adjustment due to dextrose content, especially in diabetic patients.
Moderate Interactions
- Diuretics (loop or thiazide): May alter electrolyte balance (e.g., hypokalemia with loop diuretics, hypercalcemia with thiazides), requiring careful monitoring and adjustment of IV fluid composition.
- Digoxin: Hypokalemia can potentiate digoxin toxicity; hyperkalemia can reduce digoxin effects. Careful monitoring of potassium is crucial.
- Lithium: Sodium intake can affect lithium excretion; changes in sodium levels can alter lithium concentrations.
Minor Interactions
- Not available
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl)
Rationale: To assess baseline fluid and electrolyte status and identify pre-existing imbalances.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Renal Function (BUN, Creatinine)
Rationale: To assess kidney's ability to excrete fluid and electrolytes, especially potassium.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Blood Glucose
Rationale: To assess baseline glucose levels, especially important in diabetic patients or those at risk of hyperglycemia.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Fluid Status (Weight, Vital Signs, I&O)
Rationale: To establish baseline hydration status and identify signs of fluid deficit or overload.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy
Routine Monitoring
Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl)
Frequency: Daily or more frequently (e.g., every 4-6 hours) depending on clinical status and infusion rate.
Target: Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L; Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; Chloride: 98-106 mEq/L
Action Threshold: Values outside normal range, especially critical values (e.g., K < 3.0 or > 5.5 mEq/L, Na < 125 or > 150 mEq/L) require immediate intervention.
Blood Glucose
Frequency: Every 4-6 hours, especially in diabetic patients, critically ill patients, or with high infusion rates.
Target: 70-180 mg/dL (target may vary based on patient condition)
Action Threshold: Glucose > 180-200 mg/dL or < 70 mg/dL requires intervention (e.g., insulin, adjustment of dextrose rate).
Fluid Balance (Intake and Output, Daily Weight)
Frequency: Every 8-24 hours (I&O), daily (weight).
Target: Balanced I&O, stable weight (or appropriate change based on clinical goals).
Action Threshold: Significant positive or negative fluid balance, rapid weight gain (>1-2 kg/day) or loss, signs of fluid overload or dehydration.
Vital Signs (BP, HR, RR)
Frequency: Every 4-8 hours or more frequently as clinically indicated.
Target: Within patient's normal range.
Action Threshold: Significant changes (e.g., hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea) indicating fluid imbalance or other complications.
Symptom Monitoring
- Signs of fluid overload: peripheral edema, pulmonary crackles, dyspnea, jugular venous distension, rapid weight gain.
- Signs of hyperkalemia: muscle weakness, paresthesias, fatigue, bradycardia, irregular heart rhythm.
- Signs of hypernatremia: thirst, dry mucous membranes, confusion, lethargy, seizures.
- Signs of hyperglycemia: polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, blurred vision.
- Signs of infusion site complications: pain, redness, swelling, warmth at IV site (phlebitis, infiltration).
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Generally considered safe when indicated and administered with careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance. Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., severe hyperkalemia or hyponatremia) can pose risks to both mother and fetus.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
No specific known teratogenic risks associated with appropriate use of IV fluids.
Second Trimester:
No specific known risks.
Third Trimester:
Careful monitoring for fluid overload, especially in pre-eclampsia or cardiac conditions. Electrolyte imbalances can affect uterine contractility and fetal well-being.
Lactation
Considered safe for use during lactation. The components (water, electrolytes, dextrose) are naturally occurring in the body and breast milk. Appropriate maternal hydration is beneficial for milk production.
Infant Risk:
Low risk. No adverse effects on the breastfed infant are expected with appropriate maternal use.
Pediatric Use
Pediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, have a higher proportion of total body water and immature renal function, making them more susceptible to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Dosing must be precisely calculated based on weight, age, and clinical status. Close monitoring of fluid balance, electrolytes, and glucose is critical.
Geriatric Use
Elderly patients are at increased risk of fluid overload due to age-related decline in renal and cardiac function. They may also have pre-existing comorbidities (e.g., heart failure, renal insufficiency) that necessitate careful fluid and electrolyte management. Close monitoring of fluid status, electrolytes, and vital signs is essential.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Always verify the specific concentration of potassium chloride (e.g., mEq/L) in the solution, as it can vary and impact patient safety.
- Never administer potassium chloride via IV push; it must be diluted and infused slowly to prevent fatal arrhythmias.
- Assess renal function (BUN, creatinine, urine output) before and during potassium-containing IV fluid administration, as impaired renal function significantly increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
- Monitor blood glucose levels frequently, especially in diabetic patients or those receiving high rates of dextrose, to prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
- Carefully monitor intake and output, daily weights, and assess for signs of fluid overload (e.g., crackles, edema, dyspnea) or dehydration.
- This solution is typically used for maintenance fluid therapy or to correct mild-to-moderate fluid and electrolyte deficits. For severe deficits or specific electrolyte abnormalities, separate electrolyte replacement may be needed.
Alternative Therapies
- Oral rehydration solutions (for mild dehydration or maintenance in conscious patients)
- Specific electrolyte supplements (e.g., oral potassium chloride, sodium chloride tablets)
- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) for comprehensive nutritional support when oral/enteral intake is not possible.
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
$5 - $20 per 1000ml bag
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Tier 1 (Preferred Generic)
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to contact your doctor for further evaluation and guidance.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take medication that has been prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or the medication's packaging. If you are unsure about the correct disposal method, consult your pharmacist for guidance. Many communities have drug take-back programs that provide a safe and environmentally friendly way to dispose of unwanted medications.
Some medications may have additional patient information leaflets available. Your pharmacist can provide more information on this. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, it is best to discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken, as this will aid in providing appropriate treatment.
To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take medication that has been prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of the reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by a healthcare professional or the medication's packaging. If you are unsure about the correct disposal method, consult your pharmacist for guidance. Many communities have drug take-back programs that provide a safe and environmentally friendly way to dispose of unwanted medications.
Some medications may have additional patient information leaflets available. Your pharmacist can provide more information on this. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, it is best to discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.
In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it was taken, as this will aid in providing appropriate treatment.