Ipol 0.5ml Im/sq Mdv (10 Dose)
Overview
What is this medicine?
How to Use This Medicine
To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided. It's essential to follow the instructions carefully. This medication is administered via injection into the fatty tissue under the skin or into a muscle.
Storing and Disposing of Your Medication
If you need to store this medication at home, consult with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to determine the proper storage method.
Missing a Dose
If you miss a dose, contact your doctor to receive guidance on what to do next.
Lifestyle & Tips
- No specific lifestyle changes are required after receiving the vaccine.
- Continue to follow recommended hygiene practices to prevent other infections.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Condition-Specific Dosing:
Pediatric Dosing
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Hepatic Impairment:
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Distribution:
Elimination:
Pharmacodynamics
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Although rare, this medication can cause severe and potentially life-threatening side effects. If you experience any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention immediately:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Muscle weakness
Abnormal sensations, such as burning, numbness, or tingling
Difficulty controlling body movements, twitching, changes in balance, trouble swallowing or speaking
Severe dizziness or fainting
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor for advice:
For all patients taking this medication:
+ Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
+ Mild fever
* In young children:
+ Irritability
+ Feeling tired or weak
+ Decreased appetite
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA/CDC Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) online at https://vaers.hhs.gov/reportevent.html or by calling 1-800-822-7967.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, hives, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or a fast heartbeat. Seek immediate medical attention if these occur.
- High fever (above 102°F or 39°C) that does not respond to fever reducers.
- Severe pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site that worsens or does not improve within a few days.
- Any unusual or severe symptoms that concern you.
Before Using This Medicine
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
If you currently have an infection or are ill with a fever.
This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your medications (including prescription, over-the-counter, natural products, and vitamins) and health conditions with your doctor and pharmacist. They will help determine if it is safe to take this medication in conjunction with your other medications and health issues.
Remember, do not start, stop, or adjust the dosage of any medication without first consulting your doctor to ensure your safety.
Precautions & Cautions
Individuals with a weakened immune system or those taking immunosuppressive medications should consult their doctor, as this vaccine may be less effective.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, notify your doctor. You and your doctor will need to carefully weigh the benefits and risks of this vaccine to both you and your baby.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Overdose of vaccine is not typically associated with specific toxic symptoms beyond exaggerated local or systemic reactions (e.g., increased injection site pain, fever, malaise).
- There is no specific antidote for vaccine overdose.
What to Do:
Management is supportive, focusing on alleviating symptoms. In case of accidental administration of a larger than recommended dose, monitor for adverse reactions. For any concerns, contact a healthcare professional or poison control center (e.g., 1-800-222-1222 in the US).
Drug Interactions
Contraindicated Interactions
- Severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of IPV or to any component of the vaccine (e.g., streptomycin, neomycin, polymyxin B, 2-phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde).
Major Interactions
- Immunosuppressive therapies (e.g., high-dose corticosteroids, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologics): May reduce the immune response to the vaccine, leading to suboptimal protection. Vaccination should ideally be deferred until immunosuppression resolves or is minimized. If vaccination is necessary, antibody response should be monitored if possible.
Moderate Interactions
- Moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever: Vaccination should generally be deferred until recovery. Minor illnesses (e.g., mild upper respiratory infection) are not contraindications.
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Rationale: To identify potential contraindications or precautions.
Timing: Prior to vaccination
Rationale: To determine if vaccination should be deferred.
Timing: Prior to vaccination
Rationale: To assess potential for reduced vaccine efficacy.
Timing: Prior to vaccination
Routine Monitoring
Frequency: For 15-20 minutes post-vaccination
Target: Absence of severe reactions
Action Threshold: Any signs of anaphylaxis (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, hypotension) require immediate medical intervention.
Frequency: Patient self-monitoring for 24-48 hours post-vaccination
Target: Mild to moderate, self-limiting
Action Threshold: Severe or persistent reactions, or signs of infection, warrant medical evaluation.
Frequency: Patient self-monitoring for 24-48 hours post-vaccination
Target: Mild to moderate, self-limiting
Action Threshold: High fever, severe symptoms, or symptoms lasting more than 48 hours warrant medical evaluation.
Symptom Monitoring
- Signs of allergic reaction (hives, rash, swelling of face/throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, weakness, rapid heartbeat)
- Injection site pain, redness, swelling, tenderness
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches (myalgia)
- Fatigue
- Irritability (in infants/young children)
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
IPV is generally considered safe and can be administered to pregnant women if there is an increased risk of exposure to poliovirus (e.g., travel to endemic areas, outbreak situations). The benefits of vaccination outweigh the theoretical risks.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
Lactation
IPV is considered safe for breastfeeding women and their infants. The vaccine antigens are not excreted in breast milk, and vaccination poses no risk to the nursing infant.
Pediatric Use
IPV is the recommended vaccine for routine polio immunization in infants and children in countries that use IPV. The standard schedule begins at 2 months of age. It is highly effective and well-tolerated in this population.
Geriatric Use
IPV is not routinely recommended for adults over 18 years of age in countries with no endemic polio, unless they are at increased risk of exposure (e.g., travel to polio-endemic regions, healthcare workers, laboratory workers handling poliovirus). The immune response may be slightly diminished in older adults compared to younger adults, but it still provides protection.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- IPV is an inactivated vaccine and cannot cause polio.
- It is the only polio vaccine recommended for routine immunization in the United States.
- IPV is safe and effective for immunocompromised individuals, though the immune response may be suboptimal.
- Administer IM or SC; do not administer intravenously.
- Ensure proper storage (refrigerated, not frozen) to maintain vaccine potency.
- Always check the expiration date before administration.
- A complete primary series of IPV provides long-lasting protection against all three types of poliovirus.
Alternative Therapies
- Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV): Live-attenuated vaccine, used in some parts of the world, but carries a very small risk of vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). Not used for routine immunization in the US due to VAPP risk.