Hyosyne Sul 0.125/ml Oral Drps 15ml
It is used to slow the speed in the stomach and GI (gastrointestinal) tract.It is used to treat diarrhea.It is used to treat GI (gastrointestinal) ulcers.It is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome.It is used to treat muscle spasms of the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, gallbladder system, or urinary system.It is used to treat a runny nose.It is used to treat Parkinson's disease.It is used to treat infant belly pain.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
Drug Class
Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic
Pharmacologic Class
Muscarinic Antagonist
Pregnancy Category
C
FDA Approved
Jan 1970
DEA Schedule
Not Controlled
Overview
What is this medicine?
Hyoscyamine is a medication that helps relax muscles in your stomach, intestines, and bladder. It can reduce cramps, spasms, and pain, and also helps to dry up excess body secretions like saliva.
How to Use This Medicine
Taking Your Medication Correctly
To get the most benefit from your medication, follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Read all the information provided with your prescription and follow the instructions closely. Take your medication 30 to 60 minutes before meals. It's essential to avoid taking antacids at the same time as your medication. If you have questions about taking antacids with your medication, consult your doctor.
When taking the liquid form of this medication, measure your dose carefully using the measuring device that comes with the medication. If no device is provided, ask your pharmacist for a suitable measuring device to ensure accurate dosing.
Storing and Disposing of Your Medication
Store your medication at room temperature in a dry place, avoiding storage in a bathroom. Keep all medications in a safe location, out of the reach of children and pets. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly. Do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless instructed to do so by your pharmacist. If you're unsure about the best way to dispose of your medication, consult your pharmacist, who may be aware of drug take-back programs in your area.
What to Do If You Miss a Dose
If you take your medication on a regular schedule, take a missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time or take extra doses. If you use this medication as needed, do not take it more frequently than directed by your doctor.
To get the most benefit from your medication, follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Read all the information provided with your prescription and follow the instructions closely. Take your medication 30 to 60 minutes before meals. It's essential to avoid taking antacids at the same time as your medication. If you have questions about taking antacids with your medication, consult your doctor.
When taking the liquid form of this medication, measure your dose carefully using the measuring device that comes with the medication. If no device is provided, ask your pharmacist for a suitable measuring device to ensure accurate dosing.
Storing and Disposing of Your Medication
Store your medication at room temperature in a dry place, avoiding storage in a bathroom. Keep all medications in a safe location, out of the reach of children and pets. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly. Do not flush them down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless instructed to do so by your pharmacist. If you're unsure about the best way to dispose of your medication, consult your pharmacist, who may be aware of drug take-back programs in your area.
What to Do If You Miss a Dose
If you take your medication on a regular schedule, take a missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time or take extra doses. If you use this medication as needed, do not take it more frequently than directed by your doctor.
Lifestyle & Tips
- Stay well-hydrated to help manage dry mouth, a common side effect.
- Avoid activities that can lead to overheating (e.g., strenuous exercise in hot weather) as this medication can impair sweating.
- Avoid alcohol, as it can increase drowsiness and other side effects.
- Be cautious when driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you, as it can cause dizziness or blurred vision.
Available Forms & Alternatives
Available Strengths:
Dosing & Administration
Adult Dosing
Standard Dose:
0.125 mg to 0.25 mg (1 mL to 2 mL) orally every 4 hours as needed
Dose Range:
0.125 - 0.25 mg
Condition-Specific Dosing:
maximumDailyDose:
1.5 mg (12 mL) in 24 hours
Pediatric Dosing
Neonatal:
Not established
Infant:
0.033 mg/kg or 0.25 mL/15 kg orally every 4 hours as needed; consult pediatrician for precise dosing.
Child:
Children 2-12 years: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg (1 mL to 2 mL) orally every 4 hours as needed, not to exceed 0.75 mg (6 mL) in 24 hours.
Adolescent:
Typically adult dosing (0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed, max 1.5 mg/24h).
Dose Adjustments
Renal Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor for increased anticholinergic effects.
Moderate:
Use with caution; consider dose reduction and monitor closely.
Severe:
Use with caution; significant dose reduction may be required. Avoid if possible.
Dialysis:
Not significantly dialyzable. Use with caution; monitor for increased anticholinergic effects.
Hepatic Impairment:
Mild:
Use with caution; monitor for increased anticholinergic effects.
Moderate:
Use with caution; consider dose reduction and monitor closely.
Severe:
Use with caution; significant dose reduction may be required. Avoid if possible.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid that acts as a competitive antagonist at peripheral and central muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites, leading to reduced smooth muscle spasm, decreased gastric acid secretion, and inhibition of salivary, bronchial, and sweat gland secretions.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption:
Bioavailability:
Approximately 90%
Tmax:
30-60 minutes (oral)
FoodEffect:
Food may delay absorption but does not significantly affect the extent of absorption.
Distribution:
Vd:
2-4 L/kg
ProteinBinding:
Approximately 50%
CnssPenetration:
Yes
Elimination:
HalfLife:
Approximately 3.5 hours
Clearance:
Not readily available (primarily renal excretion)
ExcretionRoute:
Renal
Unchanged:
30-50%
Pharmacodynamics
OnsetOfAction:
20-30 minutes (oral)
PeakEffect:
1-2 hours
DurationOfAction:
4-6 hours
Safety & Warnings
Side Effects
Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Diarrhea
Confusion
Mood changes
Changes in behavior
Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there)
Memory problems or loss
Trouble sleeping
Changes in speech
Changes in balance
Changes in eyesight, eye pain, or severe eye irritation
Difficulty urinating
Inability to sweat during physical activity or in warm temperatures
Fever
Flushing
Abnormal or rapid heartbeat
Erectile dysfunction
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other symptoms that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor:
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Weakness
Blurred vision
Constipation
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Headache
Nausea or vomiting
Stomach pain
Changes in taste
Nervousness or excitability
Feeling full
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:
Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Diarrhea
Confusion
Mood changes
Changes in behavior
Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there)
Memory problems or loss
Trouble sleeping
Changes in speech
Changes in balance
Changes in eyesight, eye pain, or severe eye irritation
Difficulty urinating
Inability to sweat during physical activity or in warm temperatures
Fever
Flushing
Abnormal or rapid heartbeat
Erectile dysfunction
Other Possible Side Effects
Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other symptoms that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor:
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Weakness
Blurred vision
Constipation
Dry mouth
Dry eyes
Headache
Nausea or vomiting
Stomach pain
Changes in taste
Nervousness or excitability
Feeling full
Reporting Side Effects
This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:
- Severe dry mouth that interferes with speaking or swallowing
- Significantly blurred vision or eye pain
- Difficulty urinating or inability to urinate
- Severe constipation or abdominal distension
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Confusion, hallucinations, or unusual thoughts/behavior (especially in older adults)
- Skin rash or allergic reaction
Before Using This Medicine
Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Bowel obstruction
+ Bleeding disorders
+ Diarrhea
+ Enlarged colon
+ Glaucoma
+ Heart problems
+ Myasthenia gravis
+ Slow-moving gastrointestinal (GI) tract
+ Abnormalities of the esophagus
+ Ulcerative colitis
+ Urinary retention or difficulty passing urine
Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your health problems and medications with your doctor.
To ensure safe treatment, inform your doctor and pharmacist about:
All prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications you are taking
Any natural products or vitamins you are using
* All your health problems
Before starting, stopping, or changing the dose of any medication, including this one, consult with your doctor to confirm it is safe to do so.
It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:
Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Bowel obstruction
+ Bleeding disorders
+ Diarrhea
+ Enlarged colon
+ Glaucoma
+ Heart problems
+ Myasthenia gravis
+ Slow-moving gastrointestinal (GI) tract
+ Abnormalities of the esophagus
+ Ulcerative colitis
+ Urinary retention or difficulty passing urine
Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your health problems and medications with your doctor.
To ensure safe treatment, inform your doctor and pharmacist about:
All prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications you are taking
Any natural products or vitamins you are using
* All your health problems
Before starting, stopping, or changing the dose of any medication, including this one, consult with your doctor to confirm it is safe to do so.
Precautions & Cautions
It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.
Before operating a vehicle or engaging in any activity that requires alertness and clear vision, ensure you understand how this medication affects you.
Consult your doctor before consuming alcohol, using marijuana or other cannabis products, or taking prescription or over-the-counter medications that may impair your reactions.
There is a risk of heat stroke associated with this medication, particularly in hot weather or during physical activity. Exercise caution and stay hydrated.
To manage dry mouth, practice good oral hygiene, suck on sugar-free hard candy, or chew sugar-free gum. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended.
If you are 65 years or older, use this medication with caution, as you may be more susceptible to side effects.
Note that different brands of this medication may be suitable for children of various ages. Before administering this medication to a child, consult with their doctor.
When giving this medication to a child, exercise caution, as the risk of certain side effects may be higher in pediatric patients.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential benefits and risks of this medication with your doctor to ensure the best outcome for you and your baby.
Before operating a vehicle or engaging in any activity that requires alertness and clear vision, ensure you understand how this medication affects you.
Consult your doctor before consuming alcohol, using marijuana or other cannabis products, or taking prescription or over-the-counter medications that may impair your reactions.
There is a risk of heat stroke associated with this medication, particularly in hot weather or during physical activity. Exercise caution and stay hydrated.
To manage dry mouth, practice good oral hygiene, suck on sugar-free hard candy, or chew sugar-free gum. Regular dental check-ups are also recommended.
If you are 65 years or older, use this medication with caution, as you may be more susceptible to side effects.
Note that different brands of this medication may be suitable for children of various ages. Before administering this medication to a child, consult with their doctor.
When giving this medication to a child, exercise caution, as the risk of certain side effects may be higher in pediatric patients.
If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential benefits and risks of this medication with your doctor to ensure the best outcome for you and your baby.
Overdose Information
Overdose Symptoms:
- Dilated pupils (mydriasis)
- Blurred vision
- Hot, dry, flushed skin
- Fever (hyperpyrexia)
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Arrhythmias
- Hypertension followed by hypotension
- Nausea, vomiting
- CNS effects: restlessness, tremor, dizziness, headache, delirium, hallucinations, convulsions, coma
- Respiratory depression
What to Do:
Seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or your local poison control center (1-800-222-1222 in the US). Treatment is supportive and symptomatic; physostigmine may be used as an antidote in severe cases.
Drug Interactions
Contraindicated Interactions
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Myasthenia gravis
- Paralytic ileus
- Toxic megacolon
- Obstructive uropathy (e.g., prostatic hypertrophy)
- Severe ulcerative colitis
- Reflux esophagitis
Major Interactions
- Other anticholinergics (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, phenothiazines, quinidine, disopyramide, amantadine) - increased risk of additive anticholinergic effects.
- Opioid analgesics - increased risk of severe constipation and/or paralytic ileus.
- Potassium chloride (wax-matrix formulations) - increased risk of gastrointestinal lesions due to delayed transit.
Moderate Interactions
- Antacids - may decrease absorption of hyoscyamine; administer hyoscyamine at least 1-2 hours before or after antacids.
- Metoclopramide - antagonistic effects on gastrointestinal motility.
- Antidiarrheals (e.g., kaolin, pectin) - may decrease absorption of hyoscyamine; separate administration times.
Minor Interactions
- Not specifically categorized as minor, but general caution with drugs that affect GI motility or have CNS depressant effects.
Monitoring
Baseline Monitoring
Baseline symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, spasms)
Rationale: To assess efficacy of treatment.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
Vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure)
Rationale: To identify baseline and monitor for anticholinergic effects (e.g., tachycardia).
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
History of contraindications (e.g., glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis)
Rationale: To ensure safe use of the medication.
Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.
Routine Monitoring
Symptom relief (e.g., reduction in spasms, pain)
Frequency: Regularly, as per patient's condition and response.
Target: Subjective improvement in symptoms.
Action Threshold: Lack of efficacy may require dose adjustment or alternative therapy.
Adverse effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, CNS effects)
Frequency: Regularly, especially during initial therapy and dose adjustments.
Target: Absence or mild, tolerable side effects.
Action Threshold: Severe or intolerable side effects may require dose reduction or discontinuation.
Bowel habits
Frequency: Regularly
Target: Normal bowel function
Action Threshold: Significant constipation may require intervention or dose adjustment.
Urinary output
Frequency: As needed, especially in patients prone to retention.
Target: Normal urinary flow
Action Threshold: Urinary hesitancy or retention requires immediate assessment.
Symptom Monitoring
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- Difficulty urinating or urinary retention
- Constipation
- Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat)
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Confusion or disorientation (especially in elderly)
- Headache
- Nervousness
Special Patient Groups
Pregnancy
Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Hyoscyamine crosses the placenta.
Trimester-Specific Risks:
First Trimester:
Limited data, but generally avoided unless clearly indicated. Potential for fetal tachycardia.
Second Trimester:
Generally considered safer than first trimester if needed, but still Category C.
Third Trimester:
Potential for fetal tachycardia and other anticholinergic effects. May inhibit uterine contractions.
Lactation
L3 (Moderately safe). Hyoscyamine is excreted into breast milk. May decrease milk production due to anticholinergic effects.
Infant Risk:
Monitor infant for signs of anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, irritability). Use with caution, especially in premature or jaundiced infants.
Pediatric Use
Use with caution, especially in infants and young children, as they may be more susceptible to the toxic effects of anticholinergics. Dosing must be carefully calculated based on weight. Risk of hyperthermia in febrile children.
Geriatric Use
Increased risk of adverse anticholinergic effects, including confusion, delirium, hallucinations, urinary retention, constipation, and exacerbation of glaucoma. Start with lower doses and titrate slowly. Avoid in patients with cognitive impairment.
Clinical Information
Clinical Pearls
- Hyoscyamine is commonly used for symptomatic relief of various gastrointestinal and genitourinary spasms.
- The liquid formulation is particularly useful for patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets or for precise dose adjustments.
- Patients should be advised about common anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation, and strategies to manage them (e.g., hydration, fiber).
- Caution is advised in hot environments or during strenuous exercise, as hyoscyamine can impair sweating and increase the risk of heatstroke.
- Elderly patients are particularly susceptible to CNS side effects (confusion, memory impairment) and urinary retention; careful monitoring is essential.
Alternative Therapies
- Dicyclomine (another anticholinergic for GI spasms)
- Glycopyrrolate (another anticholinergic, less CNS penetration)
- Mebeverine (direct smooth muscle relaxant)
- Peppermint oil (for IBS symptoms)
- Fiber supplements (for IBS-C)
- Antispasmodics specific to bladder (e.g., oxybutynin, solifenacin)
Cost & Coverage
Average Cost:
Typically inexpensive (generic) per 15mL bottle
Generic Available:
Yes
Insurance Coverage:
Tier 1 or Tier 2 (most insurance plans)
General Drug Facts
If your symptoms or health issues persist or worsen, it's essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure your safety, never share your medication with others or take someone else's medication. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, so be sure to check with your pharmacist for more information. If you have any questions or concerns about this medication, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek medical attention. When seeking help, be prepared to provide details about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it occurred.