Glycopyrrolate 0.6mg/3ml Pf Inj 3ml

Glycopyrrolate is a synthetic quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent. It competitively antagonizes the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic receptor sites, including those in exocrine glands, smooth muscle, and the heart. Due to its quaternary ammonium structure, it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in minimal central nervous system (CNS) effects at therapeutic doses.

Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Attention Immediately

Although rare, this medication can cause severe and potentially life-threatening side effects. If you experience any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical help right away:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Inability to sweat during physical activity or in warm temperatures
Difficulty urinating
Chest pain or pressure, rapid heartbeat, or irregular heartbeat
Rapid breathing
Fever
Enlarged pupils
Changes in vision, eye pain, or severe eye irritation
Confusion
Diarrhea or constipation
Bloating
Abdominal swelling
Stomach pain
Erectile dysfunction
Muscle weakness

Other Possible Side Effects

Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. While many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms that bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor:

Dry mouth
Upset stomach or vomiting
Nasal congestion
Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, or weakness
Blurred vision
Flushing
Changes in taste
Headache
Nervousness or excitability
* Sleep disturbances

Reporting Side Effects

This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects not mentioned here. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction you experienced.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Heart problems caused by bleeding
+ Glaucoma
+ Gastrointestinal (GI) issues, such as bowel blockage, slow-moving GI tract, colitis, or bleeding ulcers
+ Myasthenia gravis
+ Urination difficulties
A history of an enlarged colon
Current use of potassium tablets
Use of medications that can slow GI tract movement or increase the risk of bowel blockage. There are many medications that can cause this, so consult your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure.
Use of anticholinergic medications, such as ipratropium or oxybutynin. If you are unsure whether any of your medications are anticholinergic, ask your doctor.

This is not an exhaustive list of all potential interactions. Therefore, it is crucial to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all your medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, natural products, and vitamins, as well as any health problems you have. This will help ensure your safety when taking this medication. Never start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication.

Before operating a vehicle or engaging in any activity that requires alertness and clear vision, wait until you understand how this medication affects you.

Discuss the use of alcohol, marijuana, or other forms of cannabis, as well as prescription or over-the-counter medications that may cause drowsiness, with your doctor before consumption.

If you experience constipation, consult your doctor, as there may be ways to mitigate this side effect.

Be cautious in hot weather and during physical activity, as this medication can increase the risk of heat stroke.

Unless your doctor advises you to limit fluid intake, drink plenty of non-caffeinated liquids after taking this medication.

You may be sensitive to bright lights; wearing sunglasses can help alleviate this issue.

If you are 65 years or older, use this medication with caution, as you may be more susceptible to side effects.

When administering this medication to children, exercise caution, as the risk of certain side effects may be higher in this population.

Some formulations of this medication contain benzyl alcohol. If possible, avoid using products with benzyl alcohol in newborns and infants, as high doses of benzyl alcohol can cause serious side effects, particularly when combined with other medications containing benzyl alcohol. Consult your doctor to determine if this product contains benzyl alcohol.

If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, inform your doctor, as you will need to discuss the potential benefits and risks to both you and your baby.

• Potassium chloride (oral forms, especially wax-matrix): Increased risk of GI lesions due to decreased GI motility.
• Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine): Antagonism of therapeutic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors (except when used for reversal of NMB).

• Other anticholinergics (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, phenothiazines, quinidine, disopyramide): Additive anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation).
• Opioid analgesics: May exacerbate constipation and urinary retention.
• Antacids: May decrease absorption of oral glycopyrrolate (not relevant for injection).
• Metoclopramide: Antagonizes prokinetic effects.

• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision
• Urinary retention
• Constipation
• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Nervousness
• Insomnia

Category B. Animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed.

L3 (Moderately Safe). Glycopyrrolate is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. It may decrease milk production due to its anticholinergic effects. Monitor infant for anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention).

Used in pediatric patients for preoperative antisialagogue effect and reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Dosing is weight-based. Infants and young children may be more susceptible to anticholinergic effects.

Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the anticholinergic effects of glycopyrrolate, particularly urinary retention, constipation, and confusion (though CNS effects are less common with glycopyrrolate than other anticholinergics). Use with caution and monitor closely.

• Glycopyrrolate is a quaternary ammonium compound, meaning it has a charged nitrogen atom that limits its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This results in fewer central nervous system (CNS) side effects (e.g., sedation, delirium) compared to tertiary amines like atropine.
• It is commonly used in combination with neostigmine or pyridostigmine to counteract the muscarinic side effects (e.g., bradycardia, excessive secretions) of these cholinesterase inhibitors when reversing neuromuscular blockade.
• The onset of action is rapid (especially IV), making it suitable for acute perioperative use.
• Due to its primary renal excretion, dose adjustment is crucial in patients with renal impairment to avoid accumulation and increased anticholinergic effects.
• While primarily used for its antisialagogue and vagolytic effects, it can also cause mydriasis and cycloplegia, though less pronounced than atropine.

• Atropine (another anticholinergic, but crosses BBB more readily, higher CNS effects)
• Scopolamine (another anticholinergic, strong CNS effects, primarily for motion sickness/nausea)

If your symptoms or health problems do not improve or worsen over time, it is essential to contact your doctor for further evaluation and guidance.

To ensure safe use, do not share your medication with others, and never take someone else's medication. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.

Proper disposal of unused or expired medications is crucial. Do not dispose of them by flushing down the toilet or pouring down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so. If you are unsure about the best disposal method, consult your pharmacist for guidance. Many communities have drug take-back programs, which your pharmacist can help you locate.

Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet. Check with your pharmacist to see if this applies to your prescription. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, do not hesitate to discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.

In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide critical information, including the name of the medication, the amount taken, and the time it was ingested, to ensure prompt and effective treatment.