Femring 0.05mg/day

Manufacturer MILLICENT U.S. Active Ingredient Estradiol Vaginal Ring (Femring)(es tra DYE ole) Pronunciation FEE-em-ring (active ingredient: es-tra-DYE-ole)
WARNING: Do not use this drug to prevent heart disease or dementia. A study of women taking an estrogen with a progestin showed a raised chance of heart attack, stroke, blood clot, breast cancer, and dementia. The chance of stroke, blood clot, and dementia was also raised when the estrogen was taken alone. Not all products and doses were studied. It is not known if the same effects may happen with this drug.The chance of endometrial cancer may be raised with the use of estrogen alone in patients with a uterus. Use of a progestin along with estrogen may lower the risk. Call your doctor right away if you have unexplained or long-lasting vaginal bleeding.Use this drug for the shortest time needed at the lowest useful dose. Your doctor will talk with you on a regular basis to see if you need to keep taking this drug. @ COMMON USES: It is used to prevent or lower the signs of the change of life (menopause).It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
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Drug Class
Estrogen; Hormone Replacement Therapy
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Pharmacologic Class
Estrogen receptor agonist
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Pregnancy Category
Category X
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FDA Approved
Mar 1999
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DEA Schedule
Not Controlled

Overview

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What is this medicine?

Femring is a soft, flexible ring that you insert into your vagina. It slowly releases the hormone estradiol, which is a type of estrogen. It's used to help relieve hot flashes and night sweats, and to treat vaginal dryness and discomfort that can happen after menopause.
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How to Use This Medicine

Using Your Vaginal Ring Medication

To use this medication correctly, follow your doctor's instructions and read all the information provided.

Inserting the Vaginal Ring:

1. Wash your hands before handling the ring.
2. Remove the ring from its pouch, making sure your hands are dry.
3. Fold the ring in half by pressing the sides together between your thumb and index finger.
4. Gently insert the folded ring into your vagina.
5. Note that precise placement is not necessary for the ring to be effective, and it will not cause discomfort.

Removing the Vaginal Ring:

1. To remove the ring, hook your index finger around the rim or hold the rim between your index and middle fingers.
2. Gently pull the ring out.
3. Do not dispose of the vaginal ring in the toilet.
4. Wash your hands after removal.

Storage and Disposal:

Store the vaginal ring at room temperature in a dry place, avoiding storage in a bathroom.

Missed Dose:

If you miss a dose or have questions about using your vaginal ring, contact your doctor for guidance on what to do next.
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Lifestyle & Tips

  • Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise routine.
  • Avoid smoking, as it increases the risk of blood clots and other serious side effects.
  • Discuss any concerns about diet, exercise, or smoking with your healthcare provider.
  • Report any unusual vaginal bleeding immediately.
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Available Forms & Alternatives

Dosing & Administration

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Adult Dosing

Standard Dose: One Femring 0.05 mg/day vaginal ring inserted vaginally and replaced every 3 months.
Dose Range: 0.05 - 0.05 mg

Condition-Specific Dosing:

vasomotorSymptoms: One Femring 0.05 mg/day vaginal ring inserted vaginally and replaced every 3 months.
vulvarAndVaginalAtrophy: One Femring 0.05 mg/day vaginal ring inserted vaginally and replaced every 3 months.
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Pediatric Dosing

Neonatal: Not established
Infant: Not established
Child: Not established
Adolescent: Not established
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Dose Adjustments

Renal Impairment:

Mild: No specific dose adjustment recommended.
Moderate: No specific dose adjustment recommended.
Severe: Use with caution; close monitoring advised due to potential for fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance.
Dialysis: Not available

Hepatic Impairment:

Mild: Use with caution; close monitoring advised.
Moderate: Use with caution; close monitoring advised.
Severe: Contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease.

Pharmacology

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Mechanism of Action

Estradiol is an estrogen that binds to nuclear estrogen receptors in target tissues (e.g., female reproductive organs, breast, hypothalamus, pituitary). This binding leads to the formation of a hormone-receptor complex that interacts with DNA to regulate gene expression, resulting in the synthesis of specific proteins. In postmenopausal women, it replaces the declining endogenous estrogen, alleviating symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms and vulvar/vaginal atrophy.
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Pharmacokinetics

Absorption:

Bioavailability: Systemic absorption from vaginal ring; steady-state concentrations achieved within 3-4 weeks.
Tmax: Not applicable for sustained-release system; steady-state concentrations are maintained.
FoodEffect: Not applicable for vaginal administration.

Distribution:

Vd: Not specifically quantified for vaginal ring, but estrogens are widely distributed.
ProteinBinding: Approximately 98% bound to plasma proteins, primarily sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin.
CnssPenetration: Limited for systemic effects, but estrogen receptors are present in CNS.

Elimination:

HalfLife: Variable; systemic half-life of estradiol is 1-2 hours, but the ring provides sustained release over 3 months.
Clearance: Not specifically quantified for vaginal ring.
ExcretionRoute: Renal excretion of metabolites.
Unchanged: Minimal
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Pharmacodynamics

OnsetOfAction: Relief of vasomotor symptoms may take several weeks; relief of vulvar/vaginal atrophy symptoms may take weeks to months.
PeakEffect: Sustained throughout the 3-month wear period.
DurationOfAction: 3 months (duration of ring effectiveness).

Safety & Warnings

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BLACK BOX WARNING

Estrogen-alone therapy and estrogen plus progestin therapy should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study reported increased risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, invasive breast cancer, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis in postmenopausal women receiving daily oral conjugated estrogens (CE) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) compared to placebo. The WHI study also reported an increased risk of stroke and deep vein thrombosis in postmenopausal women receiving daily oral CE-alone compared to placebo. The WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) reported an increased risk of probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older receiving CE plus MPA or CE-alone compared to placebo. Estrogen-alone therapy increases the risk of endometrial cancer in a woman with a uterus.
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Side Effects

Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away

Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency medical attention:

Signs of an allergic reaction: rash, hives, itching, red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin (with or without fever), wheezing, tightness in the chest or throat, difficulty breathing, swallowing, or talking, unusual hoarseness, or swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Signs of liver problems: dark urine, fatigue, decreased appetite, stomach pain or upset, light-colored stools, vomiting, or yellow skin and eyes.
Signs of gallbladder problems: pain in the upper right belly area, right shoulder area, or between the shoulder blades, yellow skin and eyes, fever with chills, bloating, or severe stomach upset or vomiting.
Signs of pancreatitis (pancreas problems): severe stomach pain, severe back pain, or severe stomach upset or vomiting.
Signs of high blood pressure: severe headache or dizziness, fainting, or changes in vision.
Weakness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or thinking, balance changes, drooping on one side of the face, or blurred vision.
Changes in eyesight or loss of eyesight, bulging eyes, or changes in how contact lenses feel.
Breast lump, breast pain or tenderness, or nipple discharge.
Vaginal itching or discharge.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Depression or other mood changes.
Memory problems or loss.
Fever.
Difficulty urinating or changes in urine output.
Pain while urinating.

This medication may cause fluid retention, leading to swelling or weight gain. If you experience swelling, weight gain, or breathing difficulties, inform your doctor.

Additional Urgent Side Effects:

Signs of a blood clot: chest pain or pressure, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, swelling, warmth, numbness, color changes, or pain in a leg or arm, or difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Signs of high calcium levels: weakness, confusion, fatigue, headache, stomach upset or vomiting, constipation, or bone pain.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS): a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Seek medical help immediately if you experience diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, fever, muscle pain, stomach upset, vomiting, or a sunburn-like rash.

Other Possible Side Effects:

Most medications can cause side effects, but many people experience none or only mild side effects. If you notice any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention:

Dizziness or headache.
Hair loss.
Stomach upset or vomiting.
Constipation.
Stomach pain or cramps.
Bloating.
Breast enlargement or tenderness.
Vaginal bleeding or spotting.
Painful periods.
Common cold symptoms.
Nose or throat irritation.
Weight gain or loss.
Joint pain.
Leg cramps.
Changes in sex drive.
Irritation at the site of application.

This list is not exhaustive. If you have concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:

  • Sudden chest pain or shortness of breath (signs of a blood clot in the lung)
  • Sudden severe headache, dizziness, or vision changes (signs of a stroke)
  • Sudden pain, swelling, or redness in your leg (signs of a blood clot in the leg)
  • New breast lump or nipple discharge
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after menopause)
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Sudden partial or complete loss of vision
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Before Using This Medicine

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances. Describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including the symptoms that occurred.
A history of certain health conditions, such as:
+ Bleeding disorders or blood clots
+ A higher risk of developing blood clots
+ Breast cancer
+ Liver problems or liver tumors
+ Heart attack or stroke
+ Tumors that are influenced by estrogen
Unexplained vaginal bleeding
Pregnancy or potential pregnancy. Do not take this medication if you are pregnant.

Additionally, if you have any of the following health issues, discuss them with your doctor:

Vaginal problems, such as a narrow vagina or vaginal infection
Uterus not in its normal position
* Other health conditions that may increase the risk of vaginal irritation, vaginal ulcers, or cause the vaginal ring to be dislodged

This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all your medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, natural products, and vitamins, as well as any health problems you may have. Verify that it is safe to take this medication with your other medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or change the dosage of any medication without consulting your doctor.
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Precautions & Cautions

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. Your doctor may advise you to stop taking this drug before certain surgical procedures, and will provide guidance on when to resume taking it after the surgery or procedure.

If you anticipate being immobile for extended periods, such as during long trips, bedrest after surgery, or illness, discuss this with your doctor, as prolonged inactivity may increase your risk of developing blood clots. Additionally, if you have diabetes, it is crucial to closely monitor your blood sugar levels.

Be aware that medications like this one can cause high blood pressure. Follow your doctor's instructions for regular blood pressure checks. You should also have your blood work and bone density checked as directed by your doctor.

Regular breast exams and gynecology check-ups are vital, and you should also perform breast self-exams as instructed by your doctor. The risk of certain side effects, such as heart attack, stroke, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and others, may vary depending on factors like the duration of estrogen use, whether it is taken with or without a progestin, and other individual factors. Discuss the benefits and risks of using this medication with your doctor.

High triglyceride levels have been associated with this medication. If you have a history of high triglyceride levels, inform your doctor. This drug may also cause dark skin patches on your face, so it is essential to avoid sun exposure, sunlamps, and tanning beds, and to use sunscreen and protective clothing and eyewear.

This medication may affect certain laboratory tests, so be sure to inform all your healthcare providers and lab personnel that you are taking this drug. Smoking can increase the risk of heart disease, so it is recommended that you do not smoke. Limit your alcohol consumption, and if you regularly drink grapefruit juice or eat grapefruit, discuss this with your doctor.

If you experience difficulty removing the ring, inform your doctor, as it may become stuck to the vaginal wall and require surgical removal. Note that contact with blood during use may cause the ring to change color, but this will not affect its efficacy.

In some cases, this medication may affect growth in children and teenagers, and they may require regular growth checks. Discuss this with your doctor. If you are 65 or older, use this medication with caution, as you may be more susceptible to side effects. Finally, if you are breastfeeding, consult your doctor to discuss any potential risks to your baby.
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Overdose Information

Overdose Symptoms:

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Breast tenderness
  • Abdominal pain
  • Drowsiness/fatigue
  • Withdrawal bleeding (in women)

What to Do:

Overdose with a vaginal ring is unlikely due to the controlled release. If symptoms occur, remove the ring and contact your healthcare provider or poison control center (Call 1-800-222-1222).

Drug Interactions

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Contraindicated Interactions

  • Aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) - concurrent use may reduce efficacy of aromatase inhibitors.
  • Dasabuvir; Ombitasvir; Paritaprevir; Ritonavir (Viekira Pak) - increased risk of ALT elevations.
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Major Interactions

  • CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John's Wort) - may decrease estrogen plasma concentrations, potentially reducing therapeutic effects.
  • CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir, grapefruit juice) - may increase estrogen plasma concentrations, potentially increasing adverse effects.
  • Thyroid hormones (e.g., levothyroxine) - estrogens can increase thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), potentially increasing thyroid hormone requirements.
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) - estrogens may decrease the clearance of corticosteroids, leading to increased pharmacologic effects and toxicity.
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Moderate Interactions

  • Warfarin - estrogens may alter the effects of anticoagulants; close monitoring of INR is recommended.
  • Cyclosporine - estrogens may inhibit the metabolism of cyclosporine, leading to increased plasma concentrations and potential toxicity.
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Minor Interactions

  • Not typically listed as clinically significant for this formulation.

Monitoring

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Baseline Monitoring

Complete medical history and physical examination

Rationale: To identify contraindications, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and other conditions.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

Blood pressure

Rationale: Estrogens can affect blood pressure.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

Breast examination and mammography

Rationale: To screen for breast cancer, as estrogens can increase risk.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy, as per established guidelines.

Pelvic examination and Pap test

Rationale: To screen for gynecological conditions, including endometrial cancer.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy, as per established guidelines.

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Routine Monitoring

Annual physical examination (including breast and pelvic exam)

Frequency: Annually

Target: Normal findings

Action Threshold: Any abnormal findings require further investigation.

Mammography

Frequency: As per national screening guidelines (e.g., every 1-2 years)

Target: Normal findings

Action Threshold: Any suspicious findings require further investigation.

Blood pressure

Frequency: Annually or more frequently if indicated

Target: Within normal limits for patient

Action Threshold: Significant or sustained elevation requires intervention.

Assessment of need for continued therapy

Frequency: Periodically (e.g., every 3-6 months or annually)

Target: Not applicable

Action Threshold: If symptoms are controlled or risks outweigh benefits, consider discontinuation or dose reduction.

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Symptom Monitoring

  • Changes in vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats)
  • Changes in vulvar/vaginal atrophy symptoms (dryness, itching, dyspareunia)
  • Signs/symptoms of blood clots (e.g., chest pain, shortness of breath, leg swelling, sudden severe headache, vision changes)
  • Signs/symptoms of breast cancer (e.g., new breast lump, nipple discharge)
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Signs/symptoms of liver dysfunction (e.g., jaundice, abdominal pain)
  • Mood changes, depression

Special Patient Groups

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Pregnancy

Contraindicated in pregnancy. There is no indication for estrogen therapy in pregnancy. Estrogens may cause fetal harm, including genital abnormalities, if administered to pregnant women.

Trimester-Specific Risks:

First Trimester: Potential for genital abnormalities in the fetus.
Second Trimester: Potential for genital abnormalities in the fetus.
Third Trimester: Potential for genital abnormalities in the fetus.
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Lactation

Not recommended during lactation. Estrogens are excreted in human milk and may decrease the quantity and quality of breast milk. Potential adverse effects on the nursing infant have not been fully determined.

Infant Risk: Risk L4 (Possibly hazardous) - potential for decreased milk production and excretion into breast milk.
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Pediatric Use

Not indicated for use in pediatric patients. Estrogen therapy in children can cause premature epiphyseal closure and accelerate puberty.

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Geriatric Use

Use with caution in women 65 years of age or older. The WHIMS study showed an increased risk of probable dementia in women 65 years of age or older receiving estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin therapy. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks.

Clinical Information

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Clinical Pearls

  • Femring is a systemic estrogen product, meaning it delivers estradiol throughout the body, unlike some other vaginal estrogen products (e.g., Vagifem, Estring) which are primarily for local effects.
  • Patients should be instructed on proper insertion and removal of the vaginal ring. It is designed to be comfortable and should not be felt once in place.
  • Regular re-evaluation (at least annually) is crucial to determine if continued therapy is necessary and to assess the risk-benefit profile for the individual patient.
  • The Black Box Warning for estrogens regarding cardiovascular events, breast cancer, and dementia applies to Femring as it is a systemic estrogen product.
  • If a ring is expelled, it can be rinsed with lukewarm water and reinserted. If it cannot be reinserted or is lost, a new ring should be inserted.
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Alternative Therapies

  • Non-hormonal therapies for vasomotor symptoms (e.g., SSRIs/SNRIs like paroxetine, venlafaxine; gabapentin; clonidine)
  • Other local vaginal estrogen products for vulvar and vaginal atrophy (e.g., estradiol vaginal tablets, creams, or other rings like Estring)
  • Ospemifene (oral selective estrogen receptor modulator for dyspareunia)
  • Prasterone (DHEA) vaginal insert (for dyspareunia)
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Cost & Coverage

Average Cost: $400 - $600 per ring (3-month supply)
Insurance Coverage: Tier 2 or 3 (Specialty/Non-preferred Brand)
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General Drug Facts

If your symptoms or health issues persist or worsen, it's essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure your safety, never share your medication with others or take someone else's medication. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, so be sure to check with your pharmacist for more information. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, don't hesitate to reach out to your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek medical attention. When seeking help, be prepared to provide details about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it happened.