Eltrombopag 25mg Pwd Oral Susp Kit

Manufacturer CAMBER PHARMACEUTICALS Active Ingredient Eltrombopag Powder for Suspension(el TROM boe pag) Pronunciation el TROM boe pag
WARNING: Severe and sometimes deadly liver problems have happened with this drug. Call your doctor right away if you have signs of liver problems like dark urine, tiredness, decreased appetite, upset stomach or stomach pain, light-colored stools, throwing up, or yellow skin or eyes.This drug may raise the risk of liver failure when taken with interferon and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C. If your doctor tells you to stop taking interferon and ribavirin, you will also need to stop taking this drug. @ COMMON USES: It is used to raise platelet counts.It is used to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).It is used to treat aplastic anemia.
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Drug Class
Hematopoietic agent
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Pharmacologic Class
Thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA)
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Pregnancy Category
Category C
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FDA Approved
Nov 2008
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DEA Schedule
Not Controlled

Overview

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What is this medicine?

Eltrombopag is a medicine used to help your body make more platelets, which are tiny blood cells that help your blood clot. It's used for conditions where your body doesn't make enough platelets, like certain types of low platelet counts (ITP) or a serious bone marrow condition (aplastic anemia), or to help prepare for antiviral treatment in hepatitis C patients with low platelets.
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How to Use This Medicine

Taking Your Medication Correctly

To ensure you get the most benefit from your medication, follow these steps:

1. Follow Your Doctor's Orders: Take this medication exactly as directed by your doctor. Read all the information provided with your medication and follow the instructions carefully.
2. Timing of Doses: Take this medication without food or with a meal that is low in calcium. If you take other medications, you may need to take this medication at a different time to avoid interactions.
3. Avoiding Interactions with Other Substances: Take this medication at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after consuming foods or drinks high in calcium, antacids, or products containing calcium, iron, aluminum, magnesium, selenium, or zinc. Examples of foods and drinks high in calcium include dairy products, certain fruits, vegetables, and juices.
4. Preparing Your Dose: Before taking your medication, make sure you understand how to mix and measure your dose correctly. If you are unsure, consult with your doctor or pharmacist.
5. Using the Oral Dosing Syringes: This medication comes with single-use oral dosing syringes. Use each syringe only once and discard it after use. Do not reuse syringes.
6. Mixing the Medication: Mix the powder with water only, as instructed. Avoid using hot water to mix your medication.
7. Taking Your Dose: Take your dose within 30 minutes after mixing the medication. Discard any unused portion within 30 minutes of mixing.

Storing and Disposing of Your Medication

1. Storage: Store your medication in its original container at room temperature, in a dry place. Avoid storing it in a bathroom.
2. Disposal: Dispose of your medication and any unused portions according to the instructions provided with your medication.

What to Do If You Miss a Dose

If you miss a dose, skip it and return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time or take extra doses to make up for the missed dose.
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Lifestyle & Tips

  • Take this medicine on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after any foods or supplements containing calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, selenium, or zinc (e.g., dairy products, antacids, mineral supplements).
  • Do not crush, chew, or break the tablets. For the oral suspension, follow mixing instructions carefully.
  • Report any signs of liver problems (yellow skin/eyes, dark urine, severe tiredness, stomach pain) or blood clots (pain/swelling in arm/leg, shortness of breath, chest pain, sudden vision changes) immediately.
  • Regular blood tests (platelet counts, liver function) are crucial to monitor your treatment and adjust the dose.
  • Do not stop taking this medicine without talking to your doctor, as platelet counts may drop significantly.

Dosing & Administration

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Adult Dosing

Standard Dose: Highly individualized based on indication and platelet count. Initial doses vary.
Dose Range: 12.5 - 150 mg

Condition-Specific Dosing:

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Initial: 50 mg orally once daily. Adjust dose to achieve and maintain platelet count â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L. Max 75 mg/day.
Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA): Initial: 50 mg orally once daily. Increase by 50 mg every 2 weeks to a maximum of 150 mg/day. Adjust dose based on platelet count, hemoglobin, and ANC.
Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV): Initial: 25 mg orally once daily. Adjust dose to achieve platelet count â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L prior to antiviral therapy. Max 100 mg/day.
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Pediatric Dosing

Neonatal: Not established
Infant: Not established
Child: Chronic ITP (â‰Ĩ1 year): Initial 25 mg orally once daily. Adjust dose to achieve and maintain platelet count â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L. Max 75 mg/day. (For patients 6-17 years, initial dose may be 25 mg/day; for 1-5 years, initial dose may be 25 mg/day).
Adolescent: Chronic ITP (â‰Ĩ1 year): Initial 25 mg orally once daily. Adjust dose to achieve and maintain platelet count â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L. Max 75 mg/day. (For patients 6-17 years, initial dose may be 25 mg/day).
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Dose Adjustments

Renal Impairment:

Mild: No dose adjustment required.
Moderate: No dose adjustment required.
Severe: No dose adjustment required.
Dialysis: No specific recommendations; use with caution and monitor platelet counts closely.

Hepatic Impairment:

Mild: Child-Pugh Class A: No dose adjustment required.
Moderate: Child-Pugh Class B/C: For ITP/HCV, start with 25 mg once daily. For SAA, start with 25 mg once daily. Monitor platelet counts closely and adjust dose as needed. Max 25 mg/day for ITP/HCV, 75 mg/day for SAA.
Severe: Child-Pugh Class B/C: For ITP/HCV, start with 25 mg once daily. For SAA, start with 25 mg once daily. Monitor platelet counts closely and adjust dose as needed. Max 25 mg/day for ITP/HCV, 75 mg/day for SAA.

Pharmacology

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Mechanism of Action

Eltrombopag is an orally bioavailable, small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist. It interacts with the transmembrane domain of the human thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) and initiates signaling cascades that lead to the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow progenitor cells, thereby increasing platelet production.
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Pharmacokinetics

Absorption:

Bioavailability: Variable, approximately 52% (oral solution)
Tmax: 2-6 hours
FoodEffect: Food, especially high-fat food, significantly decreases absorption. Products containing polyvalent cations (e.g., dairy products, mineral supplements, antacids) can chelate eltrombopag and reduce absorption. Must be taken at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after such products.

Distribution:

Vd: Approximately 10 L (oral solution)
ProteinBinding: >99% (primarily to albumin)
CnssPenetration: Limited

Elimination:

HalfLife: 21-32 hours
Clearance: Not available (primarily hepatic metabolism)
ExcretionRoute: Fecal (approximately 52%), Renal (approximately 31%)
Unchanged: Approximately 20% (feces), <1% (urine)
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Pharmacodynamics

OnsetOfAction: Within 1-2 weeks (platelet count increase)
PeakEffect: Approximately 2-3 weeks (platelet count peak)
DurationOfAction: Platelet counts typically return to baseline within 1-2 weeks after discontinuation.

Safety & Warnings

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Side Effects

Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Immediately

Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention right away:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI), including:
+ Blood in the urine
+ Burning or pain when passing urine
+ Frequent or urgent need to urinate
+ Fever
+ Lower stomach pain
+ Pelvic pain
Neurological symptoms, such as:
+ Weakness on one side of the body
+ Trouble speaking or thinking
+ Change in balance
+ Drooping on one side of the face
+ Blurred eyesight
Eye problems, including:
+ Change in eyesight
+ Eye pain
+ Severe eye irritation
Bleeding or bruising while taking or after stopping the medication
Confusion
Swelling of the abdomen
Swelling in the arms or legs
Fever or chills
Signs of a blood clot, such as:
+ Chest pain or pressure
+ Coughing up blood
+ Shortness of breath
+ Swelling, warmth, numbness, change of color, or pain in a leg or arm
+ Trouble speaking or swallowing

Other Possible Side Effects

Most people experience few or no side effects while taking this medication. However, if you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention if they bother you or do not go away:

Headache
Diarrhea
Stomach pain
Upset stomach
Vomiting
Dizziness
Fatigue
Weakness
Cough
Muscle or joint pain
Signs of a common cold
Muscle spasm
Nose or throat irritation
Mouth pain
Tooth pain
Change in skin color
* Pain in arms or legs

Reporting Side Effects

This is not an exhaustive list of possible side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:

  • Yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Unusual tiredness or weakness
  • Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain (especially upper right side)
  • Dark urine
  • Swelling, pain, or tenderness in an arm or leg (signs of blood clot)
  • Shortness of breath or chest pain (signs of blood clot in lungs)
  • Sudden changes in vision (signs of blood clot in eye)
  • New or worsening bruising or bleeding (despite increased platelets)
  • New or worsening fatigue, pale skin, or frequent infections (signs of bone marrow changes)
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Before Using This Medicine

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances. Be sure to describe the allergic reaction and its symptoms.
A low platelet count caused by underlying health conditions.
* If you are breastfeeding, as you should not breastfeed while taking this medication.

This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your medications (prescription, over-the-counter, natural products, and vitamins) and health problems with your doctor and pharmacist. They will help determine if it is safe to take this medication with your other medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or adjust the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
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Precautions & Cautions

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor, to monitor your condition. Discuss any concerns or questions you have with your doctor.

Do not discontinue this medication without first consulting your doctor, as this may increase your risk of developing severe thrombocytopenia (very low platelet count) and bleeding. If you need to stop taking this drug, consult with your doctor to determine the best course of action.

This medication may exacerbate existing cataracts or increase the risk of developing new cataracts. Consult with your doctor and undergo eye exams as recommended to monitor your eye health.

If you are of East or Southeast Asian descent, discuss your treatment options with your doctor, as you may require a lower initial dose of this medication.

Be aware that this medication has been associated with an increased risk of blood clots, which can be life-threatening and may lead to heart attack or stroke. Take precautions to prevent injuries and avoid falls or accidents. Consult with your doctor to discuss any concerns you may have.

This medication is contraindicated in individuals with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a specific bone marrow disorder. If you have MDS and take this medication, your condition may worsen and potentially progress to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), a type of blood cancer that can be fatal. If you have MDS, consult with your doctor to discuss alternative treatment options.

Additionally, this medication may cause harm to an unborn baby if taken during pregnancy. If you are pregnant or may become pregnant, it is crucial to use effective birth control while taking this medication and for a specified period after the last dose. Consult with your doctor to determine the recommended duration of birth control use. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, notify your doctor immediately.
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Overdose Information

Overdose Symptoms:

  • Excessive platelet counts (thrombocytosis)
  • Increased risk of thromboembolic events (blood clots)
  • Liver enzyme elevations

What to Do:

In case of overdose, monitor platelet counts closely. If platelet counts are excessively high, discontinue eltrombopag and consider supportive measures. Activated charcoal may be considered if administered soon after ingestion. Call 1-800-222-1222 (Poison Control Center).

Drug Interactions

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Major Interactions

  • Polyvalent cation-containing products (e.g., antacids, dairy products, mineral supplements like iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, selenium, zinc): Significantly reduce eltrombopag absorption. Administer eltrombopag at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after these products.
  • Statins (e.g., Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin): Eltrombopag is an OATP1B1 and BCRP inhibitor, increasing statin exposure. Consider reducing statin dose and monitor for adverse effects.
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Moderate Interactions

  • Other OATP1B1/BCRP substrates (e.g., Methotrexate, Topotecan, Irinotecan): Potential for increased exposure of these drugs. Monitor for toxicity.
  • UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 substrates (e.g., Irinotecan, Raltegravir): Eltrombopag is a UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 inhibitor, potentially increasing exposure of these drugs. Monitor for toxicity.
  • Protease inhibitors (e.g., Lopinavir/Ritonavir): May increase eltrombopag exposure. Monitor platelet counts and adjust eltrombopag dose if needed.
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Minor Interactions

  • Warfarin: No significant interaction observed, but caution advised due to potential for increased bleeding risk with increased platelet counts.

Monitoring

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Baseline Monitoring

Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential and platelet count

Rationale: To establish baseline platelet count and assess overall hematologic status before initiating therapy.

Timing: Prior to initiation

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) including ALT, AST, bilirubin

Rationale: Eltrombopag can cause hepatotoxicity. To establish baseline liver function.

Timing: Prior to initiation

Renal Function Tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN)

Rationale: To assess baseline renal function, though dose adjustment is not typically needed for renal impairment.

Timing: Prior to initiation

Ophthalmologic examination (slit lamp)

Rationale: To establish baseline for potential cataract development.

Timing: Prior to initiation

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Routine Monitoring

Platelet count

Frequency: Weekly until stable platelet count (â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L for ITP/HCV, or target for SAA) is achieved for at least 4 weeks, then monthly.

Target: â‰Ĩ 50 x 10^9/L (for ITP/HCV); individualized for SAA

Action Threshold: If platelet count > 400 x 10^9/L, reduce dose or hold therapy. If platelet count > 200 x 10^9/L for 4 consecutive weeks, consider dose reduction. If platelet count < 50 x 10^9/L after 4 weeks of max dose, discontinue for ITP/HCV.

Liver Function Tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)

Frequency: Every 2 weeks during dose adjustment, then monthly after stable dose. More frequently if abnormal.

Target: Within normal limits

Action Threshold: If ALT/AST > 3x ULN and progressive, or > 5x ULN, or > 3x ULN with elevated direct bilirubin or symptoms of liver injury, discontinue eltrombopag.

Signs and symptoms of thromboembolic events

Frequency: Regularly throughout therapy

Target: Absence of symptoms

Action Threshold: Prompt evaluation and management if symptoms occur.

Signs and symptoms of bone marrow reticulin formation/fibrosis

Frequency: Periodically, especially if cytopenias worsen or new cytopenias develop.

Target: Absence of symptoms

Action Threshold: Consider bone marrow biopsy if clinically indicated.

Ophthalmologic examination (slit lamp)

Frequency: Annually

Target: No new cataracts or worsening of existing ones

Action Threshold: Consult ophthalmologist if changes occur.

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Symptom Monitoring

  • Signs of liver injury (e.g., fatigue, nausea, vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, jaundice)
  • Signs of thromboembolism (e.g., pain, swelling, tenderness in a limb, shortness of breath, chest pain, sudden vision changes)
  • Signs of bleeding (e.g., bruising, petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding)
  • Signs of bone marrow changes (e.g., new or worsening cytopenias, splenomegaly)

Special Patient Groups

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Pregnancy

Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Based on animal studies, eltrombopag may cause fetal harm. A pregnancy registry is available.

Trimester-Specific Risks:

First Trimester: Potential for fetal harm based on animal data (embryo-fetal lethality, reduced fetal weight, skeletal abnormalities).
Second Trimester: Potential for fetal harm based on animal data.
Third Trimester: Potential for fetal harm based on animal data. Avoid use close to delivery due to potential for increased risk of bleeding in the mother or fetus if platelet counts are too high.
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Lactation

It is not known if eltrombopag is excreted in human milk. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with eltrombopag and for at least 21 days after the last dose.

Infant Risk: L3 (Moderate risk - no human data, but potential for serious adverse effects based on drug properties and animal data).
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Pediatric Use

Approved for chronic ITP in patients 1 year and older. Dosing is weight-based for younger children. Safety and efficacy in SAA and HCV-related thrombocytopenia have not been established in pediatric patients.

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Geriatric Use

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Dose adjustment is not routinely required based on age alone.

Clinical Information

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Clinical Pearls

  • Eltrombopag must be taken on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after any food, supplements, or medications containing polyvalent cations (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, selenium, zinc). This is critical for absorption.
  • The oral suspension formulation is crucial for patients who cannot swallow tablets, especially children. Ensure proper mixing and administration.
  • Close monitoring of platelet counts is essential to prevent both thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis. Over-response can lead to thromboembolic events.
  • Liver function tests must be monitored regularly due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. Patients should be educated on symptoms of liver injury.
  • Patients with chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh B/C) require a lower starting dose and careful monitoring due to increased eltrombopag exposure.
  • Discontinuation of eltrombopag can lead to a transient drop in platelet counts below baseline (rebound thrombocytopenia), increasing bleeding risk. Monitor platelet counts for at least 4 weeks after discontinuation.
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Alternative Therapies

  • Romiplostim (another TPO-RA, injectable)
  • Avatrombopag (another TPO-RA, oral)
  • Fostamatinib (Syk inhibitor, oral, for ITP)
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone, Dexamethasone for ITP, SAA)
  • Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG for ITP)
  • Anti-D immunoglobulin (for Rh-positive ITP patients)
  • Splenectomy (for refractory ITP)
  • Immunosuppressants (e.g., Cyclosporine, ATG for SAA)
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Cost & Coverage

Average Cost: Highly variable, typically several thousand USD per month supply
Insurance Coverage: Specialty Tier (requires prior authorization, often subject to step therapy)
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General Drug Facts

If your symptoms or health issues persist or worsen, it's essential to contact your doctor for further guidance. To ensure your safety, never share your medication with others or take someone else's medication. This medication is accompanied by a Medication Guide, which provides crucial information. Please read this guide carefully and review it again whenever you receive a refill. If you have any questions or concerns about this medication, don't hesitate to discuss them with your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. When seeking help, be prepared to provide details about the overdose, including the medication taken, the amount, and the time it occurred.