Doxepin 75mg Capsules

Manufacturer AMNEAL Active Ingredient Doxepin Capsules(DOKS e pin) Pronunciation DOKS e pin
WARNING: Drugs like this one have raised the chance of suicidal thoughts or actions in children and young adults. The risk may be greater in people who have had these thoughts or actions in the past. All people who take this drug need to be watched closely. Call the doctor right away if signs like depression, nervousness, restlessness, grouchiness, panic attacks, or changes in mood or actions are new or worse. Call the doctor right away if any thoughts or actions of suicide occur.This drug is not approved for use in children. Talk with the doctor. @ COMMON USES: It is used to treat depression.It is used to treat anxiety.It may be given to you for other reasons. Talk with the doctor.
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Drug Class
Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, Hypnotic
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Pharmacologic Class
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)
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Pregnancy Category
Category C
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FDA Approved
Jun 1969
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DEA Schedule
Not Controlled

Overview

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What is this medicine?

Doxepin is a medication used to treat depression and anxiety. It works by affecting certain natural chemicals in the brain. It can also cause drowsiness, so it's often taken at bedtime. It's important to take it exactly as prescribed and to be aware of potential side effects.
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How to Use This Medicine

Taking Your Medication Correctly

To get the most benefit from your medication, follow your doctor's instructions carefully. Read all the information provided with your prescription and follow the instructions closely. If you're taking this medication once a day, take it at bedtime. Continue taking your medication as directed by your doctor or healthcare provider, even if you're feeling well.

Storing and Disposing of Your Medication

Store your medication at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it in a dry place, such as a closet or drawer, and avoid storing it in the bathroom. Keep all medications out of the reach of children and pets to ensure their safety. When you're finished with your medication or it's expired, dispose of it properly. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so by your pharmacist. If you're unsure about how to dispose of your medication, ask your pharmacist for guidance. You may also want to check if there are any drug take-back programs in your area.

What to Do If You Miss a Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time or take extra doses to make up for the missed one.
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Lifestyle & Tips

  • Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants (e.g., sedatives, tranquilizers) as they can increase drowsiness and other side effects.
  • Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medication affects you, especially when starting treatment or changing doses.
  • Rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to prevent dizziness or fainting due to orthostatic hypotension.
  • Maintain good oral hygiene due to potential dry mouth (a common side effect).
  • Avoid excessive sun exposure as doxepin can increase sensitivity to sunlight.

Dosing & Administration

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Adult Dosing

Standard Dose: 75 mg orally once daily at bedtime (for depression/anxiety)
Dose Range: 75 - 300 mg

Condition-Specific Dosing:

depression_anxiety: Initial: 25-75 mg/day, typically at bedtime. Maintenance: 75-150 mg/day. Max: 300 mg/day.
insomnia: Low-dose doxepin (Silenor brand) is approved for insomnia at 3-6 mg at bedtime. The 75mg capsule is not typically used for insomnia due to higher dose and side effects.
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Pediatric Dosing

Neonatal: Not established
Infant: Not established
Child: Not established (Safety and efficacy not established; generally not recommended due to Black Box Warning for suicidality)
Adolescent: Not established (Safety and efficacy not established; generally not recommended due to Black Box Warning for suicidality)
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Dose Adjustments

Renal Impairment:

Mild: No specific adjustment recommended, monitor for adverse effects.
Moderate: No specific adjustment recommended, monitor for adverse effects.
Severe: Use with caution; consider lower doses and monitor for adverse effects due to potential accumulation of parent drug and active metabolite.
Dialysis: Not well studied; doxepin is highly protein-bound and has a large volume of distribution, making dialysis unlikely to be effective for removal.

Hepatic Impairment:

Mild: Use with caution; consider lower doses.
Moderate: Use with caution; consider significant dose reduction (e.g., 50% or more) and monitor closely for adverse effects.
Severe: Contraindicated or use with extreme caution and significant dose reduction; monitor plasma levels if possible.

Pharmacology

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Mechanism of Action

Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that primarily inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the presynaptic neuronal membrane, thereby increasing the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. It also has significant antagonistic effects at histamine H1, alpha-1 adrenergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptors, contributing to its sedative, hypotensive, and anticholinergic side effects, respectively.
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Pharmacokinetics

Absorption:

Bioavailability: Variable (20-45%) due to significant first-pass metabolism
Tmax: 2-4 hours (doxepin); 4-6 hours (desmethyldoxepin)
FoodEffect: Food may delay absorption but does not significantly affect the extent of absorption.

Distribution:

Vd: 9-33 L/kg (large volume of distribution)
ProteinBinding: Approximately 80-85%
CnssPenetration: Yes (readily crosses the blood-brain barrier)

Elimination:

HalfLife: Doxepin: 8-24 hours; Desmethyldoxepin: 28-52 hours
Clearance: Not readily available, but extensive hepatic metabolism.
ExcretionRoute: Primarily renal (as metabolites)
Unchanged: < 3% (in urine)
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Pharmacodynamics

OnsetOfAction: Sedative effects: within hours; Antidepressant effects: 2-4 weeks
PeakEffect: Antidepressant effects: 4-6 weeks
DurationOfAction: Due to long half-life of active metabolite, effects can persist for 24 hours or more.

Safety & Warnings

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BLACK BOX WARNING

Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of doxepin or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinical need. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. Patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber.
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Side Effects

Serious Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Immediately

Although rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects while taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention right away:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of high or low blood pressure, including:
+ Severe headache or dizziness
+ Passing out
+ Changes in eyesight
Fast heartbeat
Difficulty urinating
Feeling extremely nervous or excitable
Fever, chills, or sore throat
Unexplained bruising or bleeding
Feeling very tired or weak
Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
Changes in sex drive
Enlarged breasts or nipple discharge
Swelling of the testicles

Important Warning for People with Asthma

If you have asthma, use this medication with caution. Some people using this medication have experienced worsening of their asthma symptoms. If your asthma symptoms worsen while taking this medication, contact your doctor right away.

Other Possible Side Effects

Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. Many people may not experience any side effects or may only have mild side effects. However, if you notice any of the following side effects or if they bother you or do not go away, contact your doctor or seek medical attention:

Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired, or weak
Constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, upset stomach, vomiting, or decreased appetite
Dry mouth
Changes in taste
Mouth irritation or mouth sores
Weight gain
Excessive sweating
Flushing
Hair loss
* Headache

This is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, contact your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.
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Seek Immediate Medical Attention If You Experience:

  • Worsening depression or anxiety
  • New or worsening thoughts of self-harm or suicide
  • Unusual changes in behavior (e.g., agitation, restlessness, panic attacks, irritability, aggression, impulsivity, severe insomnia, hypomania, mania)
  • Severe dizziness or fainting
  • Fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Severe constipation
  • Blurred vision or eye pain
  • Muscle stiffness or tremors
  • Seizures
  • Signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)
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Before Using This Medicine

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Describe the allergic reaction you experienced, including any symptoms that occurred.
Certain health conditions, including:
+ Urinary retention (trouble passing urine)
+ Glaucoma
Current or recent use of specific medications, such as:
+ Linezolid or methylene blue
+ Certain antidepressants or Parkinson's disease medications taken within the last 14 days, including isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline, or rasagiline, as they may cause very high blood pressure
Use of other medications that can cause drowsiness, as there are many drugs with this potential effect. If you are unsure, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
* If you are breastfeeding, as you should not breastfeed while taking this medication.

This list is not exhaustive, and it is crucial to discuss all your medications (prescription, over-the-counter, natural products, and vitamins) and health problems with your doctor and pharmacist. They will help determine if it is safe to take this medication with your other medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.
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Precautions & Cautions

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. This will help ensure that you receive the best possible care.

When you first start taking this drug, be cautious when driving or performing tasks that require your full attention, as it may affect your alertness. You may not experience the full effects of the medication for several weeks.

To minimize the risk of side effects, do not stop taking this medication abruptly without consulting your doctor. If you need to discontinue the drug, your doctor will provide guidance on how to gradually taper off the dosage.

While taking this medication, it is recommended that you avoid consuming alcohol. Additionally, consult with your doctor before using marijuana, cannabis, or any prescription or over-the-counter medications that may cause drowsiness or impair your reactions.

Some individuals may be at a higher risk of developing eye problems while taking this medication. Your doctor may recommend an eye exam to assess your risk. If you experience eye pain, changes in vision, or swelling and redness in or around the eye, contact your doctor immediately.

This medication may increase your sensitivity to the sun, making you more prone to sunburn. Take necessary precautions when spending time outdoors, and inform your doctor if you experience excessive sunburn.

If you have diabetes, it is crucial to closely monitor your blood sugar levels while taking this medication. Be aware of the signs of high or low blood sugar, which may include fruity breath odor, dizziness, rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, confusion, drowsiness, weakness, flushing, headache, unusual thirst or hunger, frequent urination, shaking, or sweating. Report any of these symptoms to your doctor.

Older adults (65 years and older) should use this medication with caution, as they may be more susceptible to side effects.

Certain medications, including this one, may affect fertility and impact the ability to conceive. If you have concerns or questions, discuss them with your doctor.

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult with your doctor to weigh the benefits and risks of taking this medication during pregnancy. Taking this drug in the third trimester may pose health risks to the newborn, so it is essential to discuss this with your doctor.
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Overdose Information

Overdose Symptoms:

  • Severe drowsiness or coma
  • Confusion or agitation
  • Hallucinations
  • Seizures
  • Fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat (arrhythmias)
  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Respiratory depression (slow, shallow breathing)
  • Dilated pupils
  • Dry mouth
  • Urinary retention
  • Hypothermia (low body temperature)

What to Do:

Seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Overdose can be fatal, especially with TCAs.

Drug Interactions

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Contraindicated Interactions

  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - risk of serotonin syndrome, hyperpyretic crises, convulsions, and death.
  • Cisapride - risk of QT prolongation and arrhythmias.
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Major Interactions

  • CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics) - additive CNS depression.
  • Anticholinergics (e.g., atropine, benztropine, diphenhydramine) - additive anticholinergic effects (e.g., severe constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, delirium).
  • Sympathomimetics (e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine) - potentiation of cardiovascular effects.
  • QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, fluoroquinolones) - increased risk of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.
  • CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine) - increased doxepin plasma concentrations.
  • Thyroid hormones - increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Moderate Interactions

  • Cimetidine - increased doxepin plasma concentrations.
  • Warfarin - potential for altered anticoagulant effect (monitor INR).
  • Antihypertensives (e.g., guanethidine, clonidine) - may antagonize hypotensive effects.
  • St. John's Wort - increased risk of serotonin syndrome.
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Minor Interactions

  • Not available

Monitoring

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Baseline Monitoring

ECG

Rationale: To assess for pre-existing cardiac conduction abnormalities or QT prolongation, especially in patients with cardiac disease or elderly.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Rationale: Doxepin is extensively metabolized by the liver; to assess baseline hepatic function.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

Renal Function Tests (RFTs)

Rationale: Metabolites are renally excreted; to assess baseline renal function.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

Mental Status Examination

Rationale: To establish baseline mood, anxiety, and suicidality for monitoring treatment response and adverse effects.

Timing: Prior to initiation of therapy.

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Routine Monitoring

Clinical response (mood, anxiety, sleep)

Frequency: Weekly during titration, then monthly or as clinically indicated.

Target: Improvement in target symptoms without intolerable side effects.

Action Threshold: Lack of improvement after adequate trial, or worsening symptoms, requires dose adjustment or re-evaluation.

Adverse effects (e.g., anticholinergic, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac)

Frequency: At each visit, especially during titration.

Target: Tolerable side effect profile.

Action Threshold: Intolerable side effects require dose reduction, change in timing, or discontinuation.

Suicidality (especially in young adults)

Frequency: Weekly during initial therapy and dose changes, then regularly.

Target: Absence of suicidal ideation or behavior.

Action Threshold: Emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts/behavior requires immediate clinical intervention.

Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Frequency: Periodically, especially in elderly or those with cardiovascular disease.

Target: Within normal limits for the patient.

Action Threshold: Significant orthostatic hypotension or tachycardia requires intervention.

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Symptom Monitoring

  • Worsening depression
  • Suicidal thoughts or behavior
  • Unusual changes in behavior (e.g., agitation, irritability, aggression, panic attacks, insomnia, impulsivity, akathisia, hypomania, mania)
  • Blurred vision
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness (especially upon standing)
  • Sedation or drowsiness
  • Palpitations or irregular heartbeat
  • Seizures

Special Patient Groups

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Pregnancy

Category C. Doxepin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Neonates exposed to TCAs in the third trimester have developed withdrawal symptoms (e.g., respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, hypertonia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, constant crying).

Trimester-Specific Risks:

First Trimester: Limited human data, but animal studies show adverse effects. Potential for increased risk of congenital malformations is not definitively established but cannot be ruled out.
Second Trimester: Risk of withdrawal symptoms in neonates if exposure continues into the third trimester.
Third Trimester: Risk of neonatal withdrawal symptoms (e.g., respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, irritability, tremors, seizures) and potential for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
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Lactation

L3 (Moderately Safe). Doxepin and its active metabolite are excreted into breast milk. While some infants may experience no adverse effects, drowsiness, poor feeding, and weight gain have been reported. Monitor the infant for sedation, poor feeding, and developmental milestones. Consider alternative antidepressants with lower milk transfer or shorter half-lives, especially in preterm or neonates.

Infant Risk: Moderate risk. Potential for sedation, poor feeding, and developmental effects. Monitor infant closely.
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Pediatric Use

Generally not recommended for children and adolescents due to the Black Box Warning regarding increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior. Safety and efficacy have not been established in this population. If used, extreme caution and close monitoring are required.

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Geriatric Use

Use with extreme caution. Elderly patients are more sensitive to the anticholinergic (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, confusion), sedative, and hypotensive effects (orthostatic hypotension) of doxepin. Start with lower doses and titrate slowly. Increased risk of falls, delirium, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Consider lower maximum doses.

Clinical Information

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Clinical Pearls

  • Doxepin has significant sedative properties, making it useful for patients with depression or anxiety accompanied by insomnia. It is typically dosed at bedtime.
  • Due to its anticholinergic effects, doxepin should be used with caution in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), narrow-angle glaucoma, or a history of urinary retention.
  • Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect, especially in the elderly; advise patients to rise slowly.
  • The full antidepressant effect may take 2-4 weeks to develop, but sedative effects are immediate.
  • Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms (e.g., nausea, headache, malaise, flu-like symptoms, sleep disturbance, irritability); taper dose gradually.
  • Monitor for signs of serotonin syndrome when co-administered with other serotonergic agents.
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Alternative Therapies

  • Other Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Nortriptyline
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Escitalopram
  • Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Duloxetine
  • Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion, Mirtazapine
  • For insomnia (low-dose doxepin): Zolpidem, Eszopiclone, Trazodone, Suvorexant
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Cost & Coverage

Average Cost: $15 - $50 per 30 capsules (75mg)
Generic Available: Yes
Insurance Coverage: Tier 1 or Tier 2 (Generic)
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General Drug Facts

If your symptoms or health issues persist or worsen, it is essential to contact your doctor promptly. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others or take someone else's medication. This medication is accompanied by a Medication Guide, which provides crucial information for patients. Please read this guide carefully and review it again whenever your prescription is refilled. If you have any questions or concerns about this medication, consult your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately call your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. When reporting the incident, be prepared to provide details about the medication taken, the quantity, and the time it occurred.