Aminophyllin 25mg/ml Inj, 20ml

Aminophylline is a salt of theophylline, a xanthine derivative. Its primary mechanism of action is non-selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE), leading to increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This results in bronchodilation by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, which may contribute to its bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, it can enhance diaphragmatic contractility and stimulate the respiratory center.

Urgent Side Effects: Seek Medical Help Right Away

While rare, some people may experience severe and potentially life-threatening side effects when taking this medication. If you notice any of the following symptoms, contact your doctor or seek immediate medical attention:

Signs of an allergic reaction, such as:
+ Rash
+ Hives
+ Itching
+ Red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever
+ Wheezing
+ Tightness in the chest or throat
+ Trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking
+ Unusual hoarseness
+ Swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat
Signs of low potassium levels, including:
+ Muscle pain or weakness
+ Muscle cramps
+ An irregular heartbeat
Signs of high blood sugar, such as:
+ Confusion
+ Feeling sleepy
+ Unusual thirst or hunger
+ Frequent urination
+ Flushing
+ Rapid breathing
+ Fruity-smelling breath
Muscle pain or weakness
Fast or abnormal heartbeat
Severe dizziness or fainting
Upset stomach or vomiting
Irritability
Seizures
Shakiness

Other Possible Side Effects

Like all medications, this drug can cause side effects. Although many people may not experience any side effects or only minor ones, it's essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor. If you experience any of the following side effects or any other unusual symptoms that bother you or persist, contact your doctor:

Restlessness
Headache
Trouble sleeping
Stomach pain or diarrhea
* Frequent urination

Reporting Side Effects

This list is not exhaustive, and you may experience other side effects. If you have questions or concerns about side effects, consult your doctor. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088 or online at https://www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Before Taking This Medication: Important Information to Share with Your Doctor

It is essential to inform your doctor about the following:

Any allergies you have, including allergies to this medication, its components, or other substances, such as foods or drugs. Be sure to describe the symptoms you experienced as a result of the allergy.
All medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, natural products, and vitamins. This information will help your doctor and pharmacist assess potential interactions between this medication and other substances you are taking.
* Any existing health problems, as this medication may interact with certain conditions.

To ensure your safety, it is crucial to verify that it is safe to take this medication with all your current medications and health conditions. Never start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without first consulting your doctor.

It is essential to inform all your healthcare providers, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists, that you are taking this medication. This drug may interfere with certain laboratory tests, so be sure to notify your healthcare providers and lab personnel that you are taking it.

Regular blood tests will be necessary, as directed by your doctor. Discuss any concerns or questions you have with your doctor. If you have diabetes, it is crucial to closely monitor your blood sugar levels while taking this medication.

To minimize potential side effects, limit your consumption of caffeine-containing products, such as tea, coffee, and cola, as well as chocolate, as combining these with this drug may cause nervousness, shakiness, and a rapid heartbeat. Before consuming alcohol, consult with your doctor to discuss any potential risks.

If you start or stop using tobacco or marijuana, inform your doctor, as this may require an adjustment to your medication dosage. If you become ill, develop a fever, or experience a worsening of a chronic condition, consult with your doctor promptly.

Individuals 60 years of age or older should exercise caution when taking this medication, as they may be more susceptible to side effects. Similarly, if the patient is a child under 1 year of age, this medication should be used with caution, as the risk of side effects may be increased in this age group.

If you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, inform your doctor, as it is necessary to discuss the potential benefits and risks of this medication to both you and your baby.

• Adenosine (reduced effectiveness of adenosine)
• Cimetidine (increased theophylline levels)
• Ciprofloxacin (increased theophylline levels)
• Erythromycin (increased theophylline levels)
• Fluvoxamine (increased theophylline levels)
• Zileuton (increased theophylline levels)

• Allopurinol (high doses, increased theophylline levels)
• Beta-blockers (antagonistic effects)
• Carbamazepine (decreased theophylline levels)
• Furosemide (increased theophylline levels, variable)
• Lithium (decreased lithium levels)
• Phenobarbital (decreased theophylline levels)
• Phenytoin (decreased theophylline levels)
• Rifampin (decreased theophylline levels)
• St. John's Wort (decreased theophylline levels)
• Thyroid hormones (increased theophylline clearance)

• Caffeine (additive CNS stimulation)
• Oral contraceptives (increased theophylline levels, variable)

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Insomnia
• Irritability
• Tremor
• Palpitations
• Seizures (severe toxicity)
• Cardiac arrhythmias (severe toxicity)

Aminophylline (theophylline) crosses the placenta. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Neonates exposed in utero may experience irritability, vomiting, and tachycardia. Monitor maternal and fetal heart rates.

Theophylline is excreted into breast milk. Infants may experience irritability, jitteriness, and poor sleep. Monitor breastfed infants for signs of toxicity. Consider alternative bronchodilators or administer theophylline immediately after breastfeeding to minimize infant exposure.

Dosing is highly individualized and complex due to significant age-related differences in metabolism and clearance. Neonates and young infants have significantly reduced clearance and prolonged half-lives, requiring lower doses and careful monitoring. Children (1-9 years) often have faster clearance than adults and may require higher mg/kg doses. Therapeutic drug monitoring is essential.

Elderly patients may have reduced hepatic clearance of theophylline, leading to increased serum concentrations and a higher risk of toxicity. Start with lower doses and titrate slowly based on serum levels and clinical response. Monitor closely for adverse effects, especially cardiovascular and CNS effects.

• Aminophylline has a narrow therapeutic index; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of serum theophylline levels is crucial for safe and effective use.
• Many factors influence theophylline clearance, including age, smoking status, liver/heart disease, and concomitant medications, necessitating individualized dosing.
• Toxicity symptoms can mimic underlying disease exacerbation (e.g., nausea, vomiting, tremor). Always consider toxicity when symptoms worsen or new symptoms appear.
• IV aminophylline should be administered slowly via infusion pump to avoid rapid increases in serum levels and associated adverse effects (e.g., hypotension, arrhythmias).
• Conversion from aminophylline to theophylline: 100 mg aminophylline is approximately equivalent to 79-86 mg anhydrous theophylline. Dosing is typically based on aminophylline salt, but serum levels reflect theophylline.

• Short-acting beta-2 agonists (e.g., albuterol, levalbuterol) for acute bronchospasm.
• Long-acting beta-2 agonists (e.g., salmeterol, formoterol) for maintenance.
• Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide) for anti-inflammatory effects in asthma/COPD.
• Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, methylprednisolone) for acute exacerbations.
• Anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium, tiotropium) for bronchodilation, especially in COPD.
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists (e.g., montelukast) for asthma maintenance.

If your symptoms or health problems persist or worsen, it is essential to contact your doctor promptly. To ensure safe use, never share your medication with others, and do not take medication prescribed for someone else. Store all medications in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion. Dispose of unused or expired medications properly. Unless instructed to do so by a healthcare professional, do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them down the drain. If you are unsure about the correct disposal method, consult your pharmacist, who can also inform you about potential drug take-back programs in your area. Some medications may come with an additional patient information leaflet, which your pharmacist can provide. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, discuss them with your doctor, nurse, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider. In the event of a suspected overdose, immediately contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention. Be prepared to provide information about the medication taken, the amount, and the time it occurred.